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1.
科学研究离不开稳定持续的经费投入,科学合理的科研经费配置对提高科学基金资助成效尤为重要。采用双重差分（DID）方法,对NSFC面上项目2011年资助政策变化进行分析,检验了剔除项目不相关产出后经费增加对科研产出的影响,从而验证经费变化的政策“净效应”。研究发现：科学基金经费增加显著提升了科研产出数量和质量。而剔除不相关产出考虑政策“净效应”后,经费增加对项目产出质量提升更显著。通过异质性分析发现：经费规模增加对科研产出影响的政策“净效应”存在着“强者恒强”的作用,且中等规模团队在经费增加政策中受益更多。为进一步提高科研经费配置成效,可适当增加经费规模,引导科研人员“重质而非冲量”学术发表行为;科学基金针对不同人群实行精细化、差异化资助,提高资助政策精准化程度;进一步完善科学基金成果管理,应更加关注项目的实际产出。 相似文献
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A growing body of literature is focusing on how the collaborations researchers engage in affect their productivity. Most authors have focused on linkages among academic researchers, measuring productivity by the number of papers published in ISI journals. In contrast, the impact of interactions between academic researchers and the business sector on research productivity has been less analyzed. The aim of this paper is to analyze how broadly defined research productivity (papers, new recommendations and new techniques) in agriculture-related fields is affected by the nature of academy-farmers interactions. This latter was approached through two dimensions: the breadth of linkages and their intensity, measured by the duration, in two different modalities (R&D activities and consultancy). Based on original micro data obtained through a survey of researchers working in universities and PRCs in agriculture-related fields, we built three models, one per output, to identify the effect of the nature of interactions on research productivity. The models were estimated with a negative binomial distribution using Maximum Likelihood estimators. We found a positive relationship between interaction with farmers and publishing of papers when interactions are carried out through the R&D modality. We also found that the impact of the nature of interactions on research productivity differs according to the type of research output. The impact is broader in the case of new recommendations than in the other outputs. The production of new recommendations is positively influenced by both the breadth of linkages and their duration through both modalities of interaction (R&D and consultancy). 相似文献
3.
研究职称差异对科研成果的影响机制不仅有利于充分调动科研人员的积极性,而且对于优化职称结构具有重要意义,但相关领域的研究比较薄弱。本文在分析不同职称科研人员对科研成果影响机制的基础上,采用联立方程模型研究不同职称科研人员对不同科研成果的贡献,并且研究高职称科研人员与低职称科研人员的协调效应,最后采用BP人工神经网络进行稳健性检验。研究结果表明：不同职称科研人员对科研成果的作用机制不同;高级职称科研人员对科研成果的贡献大于初中级职称科研人员;研发经费对科研成果的贡献要小于研发人员;高级职称科研人员与初中级职称科研人员协调不佳。最后从优化职称结构和科研经费分配方面提出了相关政策建议。 相似文献
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本文对中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所1992年至2009年18年间获奖科技成果按获奖科技成果的授奖来源、年度、数量与级别、学科、研究类型、第一完成人的年龄结构进行统计分析。分析发现：该所的整体科研水平呈上升的发展趋势,特别是进入国家创新体系后,获得较高等级奖励的成果数量有增长的趋势;获奖科研人员的平均年龄逐步降低,科研队伍的年龄结构趋于合理,45岁以下的中青年科技人员已成为中坚力量。但同时也发现45岁以下的青年科技人员获奖的成果等级不高,且存在学科分布不够均衡,开发研究相对滞后等问题。 相似文献
5.
基于微观分析层次,以"技术创新"领域的143位研究者为对象,采用倾向得分分层法,在模拟随机化实验的条件下考察科学基金的激励效应,即比较研究者在"获得科学基金资助"和"未获得科学基金资助"两种情形下的科研产出差异。研究结果表明,总体上来说,与未获得科学基金资助的研究者相比,获得科学基金资助的研究者普遍具有较高的科研产出,而且,在获得科学基金资助的研究者中,以较高概率获得科学基金资助的研究者具有较高的科研产出;然而,获得科学基金资助低概率的研究者与未获得科学基金资助中等概率的研究者在科研产出方面并未表现出明显差异;与获得科学基金资助中等概率的研究者相比,未获得科学基金资助高概率的研究者具有较高的科研产出。本文的研究结论对制定科学基金资助政策具有一定的启示意义。 相似文献
6.
获评高被引学者会提升学术产出与影响力吗———来自整体与个体层面的双重验证 《科学学研究》2021,39(2):212-221
获评高被引学者对科研人员来说具有一定的内生促进作用和外部光环效应。那么获评是否能够提升学者的生产力及影响力？如果可以,该积极影响是否普遍存在于绝大多数获奖研究人员？该论文利用科睿唯安数学学科高被引科学家的产出数据,从整体和个体层面考察了获评高被引学者与学术生产力和影响力的关系。根据高被引学者整体平均产出与个人产出时间序列曲线,论文分析了我国高被引学者的四种职业发展路径。研究发现获评高被引学者对科研人员的影响力具有一定的促进效应。数学学科研究人员获得高被引学者称号之后,论文的产出量不升反降,但论文影响力则显著增加。 相似文献
7.
Giorgio Sirilli 《Research Policy》1984,13(2):63-83
In recent years a number of “science indicators” have been constructed in order to gain deeper insight into the working and the impact of scientific and technological systems. Most of these indicators, drawing on data which are usually collected from various sources with different purposes, lack, to a certain extent, coherence and sometimes comparability.A more integrated approach was adopted in the study underlying this paper: the data were gathered from the principal figure in the innovation process, i.e. the researcher. A sample of researchers working in Italian industry were interviewed and supplied information on, amongst other things, their activities and the relative results. Not surprisingly, the results of this survey do not necessarily conform with other sources currently available. However, it should be realized that the information provided by the researchers, although inherently biased, is far more detailed, and represents a valuable source of knowledge of the situation not only of the single persons involved but also of the organization in which they operate.The obvious lesson is that only through the cross-checking and the integration of data coming from different types of sources is it possible to achieve a reliable and faithful picture of the complex phenomenon under review.In the paper an analysis is made of the various activities performed by researchers in Italian industry (research, development, control, design, technical assistance, organization, updating, consultancy, etc.) and of the technological objectives of such activities (new or improved products, processes, materials). Data are also shown on the criteria which researchers judge more suitable in evaluating their performance, as well as on the researchers' output in terms of articles, monographs, papers presented at conferences, patents and inventions. 相似文献
8.
技术转移作为高校社会服务职能的重要体现形式，对高校科研活动究竟产生了何种影响是学术界关注的热点问题。本文以2008-2014年中国106所“211”及省部共建高校为样本，研究了高校技术转移对其论文产出和专利产出的影响效应，并对不同来源的科研资助（政府资助和企业资助）在高校技术转移与科研产出关系中的中介作用和调节作用分别进行了实证检验。结果表明：（1）高校技术转移对论文产出的影响不显著，而对专利产出具有显著正向影响；（2）高校技术转移对其获取政府资助和企业资助均具有显著的正向影响，政府资助和企业资助在高校技术转移与专利产出关系中发挥积极的中介作用；（3）政府资助对高校技术转移与论文产出的关系具有显著的负向调节作用，而企业资助对高校技术转移与专利产出的关系具有显著的负向调节作用。 相似文献
9.
Robert J.W. Tijssen 《Research Policy》2018,47(9):1626-1638
Pasteur’s Quadrant model, published by Stokes in 1997, presents a two-dimensional abstract conceptual framework that proved immensely helpful to study and discuss institutional and policy arrangements in science. However, during the last 10 years the PQ model was also applied in a series of large-scale, survey-based studies worldwide to classify individual modern-day researchers according to their research orientation and performance.This paper argues that such applications are inadequate to capture key characteristics of individual researchers, especially those within the heterogeneous ‘Pasteur type’ group who engage in ‘use-inspired’ basic scientific research. Addressing this shortcoming, Pasteur’s Cube (PC) model introduces a new heuristic tool. Departing from a three-dimensional conceptual framework of research-related activities, the model enables a range of typologies to describe and study the large variety of academics at today’s research-intensive universities. The PC model’s analytical robustness was tested empirically in two interrelated ‘proof of concept’ studies: an exploratory survey among 150 European universities and a follow-up case study of Leiden University in the Netherlands. Both studies, collecting data for the years 2010–2015, applied a metrics-based taxonomy to classify individual academic researchers according to four performance categories: scientific publication output, research collaboration with the business sector, patents filings, and being engaging in entrepreneurial activities.The collective results of both studies provide more clarity on relevant subgroups of use-inspired researchers. The PC model can be used to guide empirical, metrics-based investigations of research activities and productivities, applies this approach to two case studies, and demonstrates the utility of the method while also reinforcing and enriching the growing body of literature showing that cross-sectoral and cross-functional research activities are more scientifically productive than research carried out in isolation of the context of use. Introducing the ‘Crossover Collaborator’ subtype helps to explain why Pasteur type researchers tend to outperform other types of researchers in terms of publication output and citation impact. 相似文献
10.
摘要：随着科研人员重要性的日益凸显,如何有效地发挥科研人员的作用成为组织面临的重要问题。本文通过调查的305名科研人员样本,实证分析了工作投入在职业成长影响员工工作绩效中的作用。研究发现：（1）职业目标进展、职业能力发展和组织回报增长对工作投入均有显著的影响作用,且职业能力发展与组织回报增长交互作用于工作投入;（2）职业能力发展、组织回报增长分别对任务绩效、关系绩效有直接的正向影响;（3）工作投入对任务绩效和关系绩效均有显著的正向影响,并在职业成长和工作绩效的关系中起到显著的中介作用;（4）年龄对职业目标进展与工作投入以及组织回报增长与关系绩效之间具有调节作用。 相似文献
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Funding incentives, collaborative dynamics and scientific productivity: Evidence from the EU framework program 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In this paper we examine how incentives for collaboration shape collaborative behavior and researcher productivity in the context of EU-funded research networks. EU-funded research networks require researchers to collaborate as a condition for securing research funding. The presence of research funding, therefore, may influence collaborative behavior. Our approach involves isolating the effects of funding, collaboration and previous collaborations (prior to funding) on research output, and examining how the pattern of collaboration affects research productivity over time. Employing a panel of 294 researchers in 39 EU research networks over a 15-year period we find that while the impact of funding on productivity is generally positive the overall impact of collaboration within the funded networks is weak. When we delineate between pre-, during- and post-funding periods, however, we find some important differences. During the period of funding, collaboration did not lead to an increase in research production. In the post-funding period we find that although the number of collaborations decreases within the network, the impact of collaboration on productivity is positive and significant. Our findings suggest that collaborations formed to capitalize on funding opportunities, while not effective in enhancing researcher productivity in the short run, may be an important promoter of effective collaborations in the longer run. 相似文献
13.
本文对我国科研人员职业生涯的成长轨迹与影响因素开展定量研究,以科研人员获得博士学位的时间为基点,采用事件史分析方法分析科研人员职业生涯中的若干重要节点和事件,包括职称晋升、第一次重要学术产出、第一次获得荣誉奖励以及第一次担任行政或学术职务等关键事件。在此基础上,进一步分析个人家庭因素（性别、孩子状况和配偶文化）、教育背景因素（毕业院校、导师身份和博士后经历）以及社会环境因素（工作单位、流动状况和学科领域）等对科研人员职业生涯成长的影响状况。结果发现,科研人员职业生涯成长过程中的“累积效应”依然明显,如毕业院校、博士后经历等教育背景都会对科研人员职业生涯的成长产生正向影响;师承效应在科研人员职业生涯发展中发挥重要作用;流动经历增加了科研人员进入到职业生涯中的关键事件比例等。基于研究结果,文章最后提出如何更好的促进科研人员成长的政策建议。 相似文献
14.
The increasing commercialization of university discoveries has initiated a controversy on the impact for scientific research. It has been argued that an increasing orientation towards commercialization may have a negative impact on more fundamental research efforts in science. Several scholars have therefore analyzed the relationship between publication and patenting activity of university researchers, and most articles report positive correlations between patenting and publishing activities of scientists. However, previous studies do not account for heterogeneity of patenting activities. This paper explores the incidence of patenting and publishing of scientists distinguishing between corporate patents and patents assigned to non-profit organizations for a large sample of professors active in Germany. While patents assigned to non-profit organizations (incl. individual ownership of the professors themselves) complement publication quantity and quality, patents assigned to corporations are negatively related to quantity and quality of publication output. 相似文献
15.
作为2014年新推出的一项科研评价指数,自然指数能通过文章计量数和分数式计量数两个指标数据反映出国家、地区、科研机构和大学等高水平论文的产出能力、创新趋势、创新能力、优势学科和合作潜力,为我们提供了一种新的评估高校科研能力的方法。自然指数以12个月为统计时长,定期更新,对被评价机构在82种顶级自然科学类期刊上发表的研究型论文进行了统计分析。与基本科学指标数据库（ESI）评价体系需要监测十年的论文数据相比,自然指数的排名更能反映出被评价机构在短期内的科研产出情况,能更客观公正的评价新建高校科研产出的情况。以南方科技大学为例,该校建校未满十年,ESI数据与其他老牌高校还有一定差距,但从自然指数数据显示,该校高水平论文一直在飞速增长,上升势头非常明显,2018年已跃居内地高校第27位,深圳地区首位。数据还表明该校与海外大学的科研合作十分密切,发表的高水平论文以外部合作为主,其优势学科为化学和物理学科,生命科学和地球与环境科学相对比较薄弱,学科发展水平较不均衡。同样,自然指数评价体系也存在一些不足,如对学者的贡献程度没有区分,默认每位作者的贡献相等;统计的是论文数量和分数式计量的总量,没有以个人平均产出作为衡量标准等。随着自然指数的推广,入选自然指数统计源的各期刊,极有可能被科研管理部门在科研评价中赋予更高的权重,也会成为科研工作者投稿时选择顶级期刊的一个标准。自然指数以一种全新的视角评价了高校的科研产出情况,为今后的科研管理工作提供了一定参考。 相似文献
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本文采用事件史分析方法（EHA）探讨导师身份等因素对我国科研人员职业成长的影响。Cox比例风险模型结果表明,导师行政地位对晋升正高职称具有正向促进作用,而导师学术地位未能对晋升副高、正高职称产生显著影响;导师身份类型为双高型和高低兼具型的科研人员比导师身份为双低型的科研人员晋升正高职称更快,即导师身份类型层次越高,科研人员晋升正高职称速度越快。此外,研究结果还发现,科研能力是实现科研职称晋升的基础因素和必要条件,在985高校工作延缓了晋升正高职称速度,具有博士后经历有利于晋升正高职称,男性科研人员更容易实现职称晋升。 相似文献
17.
A case study for impelling university research productivity and impact through collaboration is presented. Scientometric results support the hypothesis that a knowledge management model increased research collaboration and thereby boosted a university’s number of publications and citations. Results come from fifteen years of data at a Mexican university with 2400 researchers who produced 24,000 works in fifteen research disciplines. These data are treated with social network visualizations and algorithms to identify patterns of collaboration and clustering, as well as with normalizations to make disciplines comparable and to verify increasing citation impact. The knowledge management model implemented in the study may be a cost-effective way for universities to intensify collaboration and improve research performance. 相似文献
18.
近年来,研发效率问题成为学者关注的焦点,但还没有针对产业集群研发效率的研究。本文选取研发经费内部支出和研发人员数量为产业集群研发效率的投入指标,发明专利授权数为产出指标。并基于现有三阶段DEA未考虑决策单元之间合作关系的局限性,提出三阶段仁慈型DEA模型,并计算了2008-2012年我国10个高新技术产业集群的研发效率,结果证实了方法的适用性。研究结果表明:(1)在剔除了环境和随机因素的影响后,各个高新技术产业的研发效率有明显的上升;(2)所在城市人均GDP和研究生毕业生数对研发经费内部支出的投入冗余和研发人员数量的投入冗余是正向有利因素,而政府资助研发经费占城市总研发经费的比重对研发经费内部支出的投入冗余是正向有利因素,对研发人员数量的投入冗余是负向不利因素。 相似文献
19.
本文基于“科学家在线”平台数据,运用复杂网络分析方法,按照年份分别构建2010—2017年间全国34个省份之间科研人员流动网络模型,测度并分析8年间科研人员流动的复杂性网络整体特征和随时间变化的趋势。研究发现：（1）8年间科研人员流动呈现整体较为明显的“无标度”特性,即北京、上海、江苏等经济科技发达地区不仅流入科研人员的规模较大,流出科研人员的规模也不小,但是全国大部分省份流动科研人员规模较为有限;（2）除了小部分省份之外其余省份的人员流入流出相对较为均衡,一些经济科技发达省份在一定程度上也是全国或本区域科研人员流动的中心节点;（3）从发展态势来看,8年间全国省级科技人员流动态势相对平稳,但是省份之间科研人员流动规模差距越来越明显,经济科技发达省份与其他省份科研人员流动的规模相比差距越来越大;（4）最为突出的变化是流动人员规模显著增加,人员流动更加便利。 相似文献
20.
随着学术研究的日益规范化和复杂化，合作成为增加科研产出的主要途径。本文通过问卷收集了主要院校的科研评价制度，将其与三大经济管理类期刊的论文发表数据进行匹配，基于2000-2014年间部分高校调整第一作者制度的准自然实验，采用双重差分法（DID）的设计考察了科研制度对论文合作的影响。研究发现：（1）评职称认可非第一作者的制度能够使得论文合作的概率显著提高约33.5%，而评奖励承认非第一作者的制度没有显著影响；（2）在考虑了合作的异质性后，非第一作者制度主要促进了跨校合作，对院内合作和同校跨院合作的影响不明显；（3）作用机制分析表明，这种合作效应主要源自教师面临的晋升压力。本文的结论对于推动科研评价体系改革具有重要参考价值。 相似文献