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1.
中国高技术产业各行业技术效率的实证分析——基于非参数的Malmquist指数方法 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
根据效率理论，运用高技术产业的面板数据，采用非参数方法，分析了高技术产业发展过程中技术效率和总量增长的情况。结果表明，造成高技术产业TFP增长的主要原因是技术进步水平的提高而不是技术效率，且TFP和技术进步的变化率有下降的趋势；各行业的技术效率、TFP及其构成也存在显著差异。 相似文献
2.
中国高技术产业全要素生产率（TFP）的提升为经济的可持续发展提供了重要支持。以中国30个省市为研究目标,采用三阶段DEA模型和Malmquist生产率指数对“十一五”至“十三五”期间各地区高技术产业TFP进行了静态和动态研究。研究发现：在剥离了外部环境因素和随机扰动因素后,综合效率和规模效率被高估,纯技术效率被低估,而规模效率偏低则是制约我国高技术产业TFP提升的主要原因。通过Malmquist指数及其分解可知,我国高技术产业技术效率改进由纯技术效率占据主导,但技术进步迟缓依旧是扼制我国高技术产业TFP提升的瓶颈。因此,持续扩大产业规模,保持研发投入和技术创新是推动我国高技术产业长远发展的重要途径。 相似文献
3.
本文基于全要素生产率视角实证考察了高技术产业的高质量发展问题.采用1997—2015年中国各省份高技术产业面板数据,通过Hicks Moorsteen TFP指数实证分析了中国高技术产业全要素生产率问题,并将其完全分解为技术变化、纯技术效率、规模效率和组合效率4个部分,分析了生产率及其动力的区域差异.研究发现,中国高技术产业全要素生产率呈上升趋势;增长动力由技术进步逐渐转为技术及技术效率变化共同推动,组合效率出现了下滑;区域间产业发展存在差异.研究结论对全面认识高技术产业增长动力、促进产业高质量发展具有重要的政策指导作用. 相似文献
4.
通过利用DEA的Malmquist指数方法对长三角和珠三角地区2003—2012年高技术产业进行动态变化研究,并把全要素生产率增长分解为技术进步变化和技术效率变化两部分。结论表明:长三角和珠三角地区高技术产业创新效率整体呈现增长趋势,TFP增长主要来自于技术进步,并且发展不稳定;珠三角地区的全要素生产率明显高于长三角地区,两大区域的规模效率无明显增长,因此两大区域在提高技术的同时还需要实现资源的优化配置。 相似文献
5.
在构建1998-2009年中国高技术5个行业面板R&D数据的基础上,基于DEA模型的Malmquist指数方法构造了高技术产业R&D活动生产前沿,把R&D效率的增长分解为技术进步和技术效率变化两个部分,并考察了中国高技术产业R&D效率的增长来源与差异。研究结果表明:中国高技术产业R&D效率增长的主要动力是技术进步;1998-2009年间,中国高技术产业R&D效率的增长并不稳定,在1998-1999年、2004-2005年和2008-2009年3个时期出现了负增长。 相似文献
6.
基于1995—2008年中国高技术产业的行业面板数据,运用Malmquist生产率指数对各行业TFP进行测算和分解．在考虑外商直接投资、技术引进、资本强度、企业规模和产权结构的条件下,实证考察R&D资本投入和R&D人力投入对TFP、技术效率和技术进步的影响．结果发现,不仅R&D资本投入对TFP、技术进步和技术效率具有显著的促进作用,而且R&D人力投入对TFP和技术进步也具有显著的促进作用,但R&D人力投入与技术效率存在负相关关系． 相似文献
7.
通过Malmquist指数,计算我国省际间高技术产业全要素生产率（Total Factor Productivity：TFP）,并进行分解,发现全国有19个地区的TFP增长率显负值;43%的省市,其效率是由技术的进步来推动,67%的地区并没用形成规模效率。通过β收敛检验,发现我国省际间高技术产业并不存在经济收敛。通过Tobit模型,发现我国各地区高技术产业提高R＆D内部支出资本存量增长率均能提高TFP增长率;全国43%的地区,提高R＆D人员投入的增长率,平均而言不但不能提高TFP增长率,反而会降低TFP的增长率。 相似文献
8.
运用基于非参数前沿分析的Malmquist-Luenberger指数,测度碳排放约束的省际工业绿色TFP及其分解成分的变化,发现工业绿色TFP增长主要来自技术进步,技术效率拖累了绿色TFP增长。基于双向固定效应模型的实证结果显示,经济发展水平通过效率增进与技术进步共同促进绿色TFP增长,资本深化促进了技术进步但不利于效率改进,地方分权对技术效率和绿色TFP增长有显著副作用,国有工业比重抑制了绿色技术进步和绿色TFP增长,FDI对工业绿色TFP增长的促进作用尚不显著。 相似文献
9.
本文用基于非参数的Malmquist指数方法将全要素生产率(TFP)变动分解为技术进步和生产效率变化两个部分,运用该方法测算了中国改革以来整体工业生产率的变动趋势,并进一步探讨了地区之间工业TFP增长差异的特征。结果显示:改革开放以来,中国工业TFP的增长主要是由技术进步推动的,生产效率的下降对TFP的增长造成了不利影响。同时,东、中、西部地区之间工业TFP增长率也存在显著差异,地区技术进步程度的差异是造成地区工业TFP差距持续扩大的主要因素。 相似文献
10.
我国的FDI与产业集聚在空间上的耦合决定了将二者割裂开来研究其对制造业行业TFP增长的影响有失偏颇。本文运用DEA-Malmpuist指数法测算了2000-2009年我国制造业28个行业的全要素生产率(TFP),并将FDI、产业集聚与TFP放在一个统一的框架下分析FDI与产业集聚对制造业TFP及其分解指标的影响。研究发现,制造业TFP年均增长9.6%,其中80%以上是技术进步贡献的;行业间的技术进步差距较小,技术效率变化差异较大,而后者是TFP增长差异的主要其原因。回归结果显示,总体上,FDI存在技术溢出效应,产业集聚发挥了正的外部效应,二者的交互作用对按要素密集度分类的四类型行业TFP增长的影响具有显著差异。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
14.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
15.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
16.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
17.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
18.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
19.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献