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李静先 《天津体育学院学报》2014,29(2):93-99
下肢骨关节炎是导致残疾的最常见疾病之一,也是对患者及家庭、医疗系统及社会带来最大影响的运动系统的主要疾患。骨关节炎是包括
关节力学变化（如下肢骨骼力学轴线排列异常,关节负荷分布异常,活动过程中关节力矩异常）、韧带走向异常、软骨退化或软骨成分降解和肌肉神
经控制功能异常等复合因素引起的全关节疾患。尽管其确切的发病机制仍不明了,关节生物力学在其发生和病程发展中的作用已为大量的前瞻性
研究和持续数10年之久的长期追踪研究所证实。综述骨关节炎生物力学及病理机制的研究状况,生物力学干预在骨关节炎治疗康复中的应用,以
及太极拳的生物力学特征及其在骨关节炎治疗康复中应用的最新研究进展。基于目前上述领域和太极拳生物力学特征的科学研究状况分析,以及
美国风湿病学会在2012年发表的最新骨关节炎非手术和药物治疗指引中将太极拳列为膝骨关节炎运动干预方式之一所带来的国际影响,为了深入
探索太极拳在下肢骨关节炎治疗康复效果的机制,以及发展有科学研究事实支持的太极拳运动干预康复方案,未来此领域的研究需要致力于研究
骨关节炎患者身体活动时的关节生物力学变化,典型太极拳运动的生物力学特征,以及骨关节炎患者在太极拳运动干预过程中下肢关节力学的变
化特征。 相似文献
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水中康复是体育康复学科中的一个组成部分,是充分利用水的自然特性与水中运动的生理生化基础,对练习对象进行治疗、训练,以达到练习者缩短康复治疗期,尽早恢复生活、劳动能力的一种锻炼方法。 相似文献
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PNF拉伸被称为本体感觉神经肌肉促进疗法,最早运用在医疗康复领域中,可以改善特定肌肉的功能和有效提高关节的柔韧性。近年来被引用到竞技体育中,用以发展运动员的柔韧素质。本文从运动康复和运动训练两个方面入手,了解PNF拉伸在运动康复和运动训练领域的应用价值,为今后在康复和训练的实际应用提供参考。 相似文献
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英格里德&#;费比恩 《游泳》2004,(3):30-31
水疗这一方法的使用可以追溯到公元前2400年,但有历史记载的是在公元前800年的英格兰,二十世纪的前期和中期,水疗方法涌入欧洲。二十世纪七十到八十年代水疗康复在美国盛行。之后在八十年代晚期大众对水中运动的兴趣也不断增加,人们希望可以通过水中练习达到减体重、健康的目的。二十世纪九十年代水中运动成为职业运动员训练过程中非常重要的一部分,特别是澳大利亚和新西兰,水中运动被教练列为运动员恢复计划中的一部分。目前对于一些项目的专业运动员例如:橄榄球和马拉松,在水中进行交叉训练可以预防劳损伤和提高运动表现。水中运动目前发… 相似文献
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老龄化加剧导致骨关节炎发病率日趋升高,发病机制目前仍不十分明确,且治疗效果不甚理想。因此,研究骨关节炎新的发病机制对丰富其治疗手段具有重要作用。间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)成为骨性关节炎研究的新兴方向。运动诱发MSCs促进关节软骨再生成为运动干预骨关节炎可能的关键机制之一。回顾MSCs相关研究,对MSCs的来源、分泌及旁分泌途径、免疫调节、成骨能力及运动干预机制进行了综述,提出MSCs外泌体注射可能成为OA治疗的一种新途径,科学运动促进MSCs分泌从而缓解关节软骨病变可能成为运动干预骨关节炎的潜在干预机制。 相似文献
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1前言调查表明，肩、膝、腰背部关节损伤是游泳运动员最常见的运动损伤，对游泳训练和比赛造成很大威胁。大量运动员因为伤不得不停训，从而导致以往的训练成果未能得到充分的累积而丢失，所以在游泳过程中发生的损伤会直接影响运动成绩。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献