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根据技能迁移理论,采用三组对比、程控的实验方法,验证陆上技术动作模仿、水下技术游与呼吸三项游泳技能在不同模块组合下的迁移状态和相互关系.认为:在游泳教学中,各种技术、技能都存在着不同程度的相互影响,并直接关系到学生学习和掌握游泳技能和技术的效果,对加速教学进程,完成游泳的教学任务具有一定意义. 相似文献
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洪俊雄 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(10):63-65
柔韧素质是游泳运动员必备的一种运动素质。柔韧素质的好坏对游泳运动员的划水效果,掌握技术动作,提高运动成绩起到重要的影响。根据少儿生长发育的特点可知,7-12岁是少年儿童发展柔韧素质的最好时机。本课题探讨在少年儿童生长发育的敏感时期,怎样合理地设计和选择有效的训练手段和方法来发展少年儿童游泳运动员的柔韧素质,从而达到提高他们游泳专项技术水平的目的。 相似文献
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浅谈分解教学法在少年儿童基础训练中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分解游是游泳技术训练发展的基础,它是对游泳技术中某一个单元动作分开重复、强化某一个动作的训练。少年儿童在训练中易掌握,可增强新鲜感,使训练内容事样化,能强化技术意识,促进技能的提高。 相似文献
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Wouter Cools Kristine De Martelaer Christiane Samaey Caroline Andries 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):649-660
Abstract Evidence suggests the development of fundamental movement skill (FMS) is a key factor in promoting long-term physical activity. Low levels of activity among preschool children and the relationship between physical activity and the development of fundamental movement skills underline the need to determine the factors associated with children's development of such skills. As parents play an important role in the socialization process, the aim of this study was to examine correlates of family and neighbourhood characteristics as well as parental behaviour and beliefs on FMS performance in 4- to 6-year-old preschool children. Relationships between preschool children's FMS performance and family contextual variables were examined within a sample of 846 preschool children. Results identified positive associations of FMS performance with parental education, father's physical activity, transport to school by bicycle, and the high value placed by parents high on sport-specific aspects of children's physical activity. Variables negatively associated with preschool children's FMS performance included father–child interaction in TV-viewing and reading books, the high importance placed by parents on winning and performance in children's physical activity. Furthermore, the ambiguity of associations between FMS performance and parental beliefs underlined its complexity. 相似文献
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现代游泳技术与训练的发展方向研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用文献资料法和调查法对现代游泳技术与训练的发展方向进行了调查研究，发现现代游泳技术越来越向着精细化方向发展，而竞技游泳训练则向着多纬度方向发展。 相似文献
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游泳技术教学中学生自我监控能力的培养及优化教学的实验研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
根据认知心理学元认知理论中自我监控的有关原理 ,笔者在游泳技术教学中初步设计了一套教学方案。教学实验结果表明 :自我监控教学在游泳技术学习中教学效果优于常规教学 相似文献
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Hume C Okely A Bagley S Telford A Booth M Crawford D Salmon J 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2008,79(2):158-165
This study sought to determine whether weight status influences the association among children's fundamental movement skills (FMS) and physical activity (PA). Two hundred forty-eight children ages 9-12 years participated. Proficiency in three object-control skills and two locomotor skills was examined. Accelerometers objectively assessed physical activity. Body mass index was calculated to determine weight status. Correlations between physical activity and FMS proficiency were evident among boys and girls. No significant interaction was apparent when examining FMS proficiency scores, PA variables, and weight status. Future studies should examine a broader range of skills and types of activities to better characterize this relationship and to inform the promotion of movement skill proficiency and PA. 相似文献
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哪些研究问题需要用分层线性模型回答 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
张力为 《天津体育学院学报》2002,17(2):36-39
采用常规的回归分析或方差分析处理行为科学与社会科学研究中经常遇到的嵌套数据，不能满足独立观察的假定，得到的标准误差较小，导致I型错误扩大化，同时，也不利于对不同层次变量不同作用的探讨，分层线性则明确区分数据层次，通过对个体水平变量和组别水平变量的分层综合分析，避免了上述弊病，因而可对个体水平的变量进行更准确的预测和更合理的解释，通过实例介绍了将研究问题与分层线性模型有机结合的方法。 相似文献
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Jan Toftegaard-Stoeckel Vivian Groenfeldt Lars Bo Andersen 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1369-1375
Abstract The associations between physical competence, self-perceived bodily competence, parental concern for their children's motor skill development, and teachers' evaluation of their bodily competence were assessed in 646 six- to seven-year-olds. Physical competence was assessed by the German motor ability test “Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder”, while the children's, their parents', and their teachers' evaluations were obtained through questionnaires. Parental concern, teacher evaluation, and a high body mass index were the strongest predictors of low physical competence (motor skill quotient <85). Teachers' evaluation of bodily competence was associated with low self-perceived bodily competence in the children even after adjustment for motor skill quotient, with an odds ratio of 2.3 (P < 0.05) between the lowest and highest of the three levels after correction for motor skill competence. Results indicate that teachers' evaluation of children's motor skills should be considered a key factor when tracking and assessing physical competencies among youth. 相似文献
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游泳训练中一个不可忽视的细小技术─呼吸 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对教练员在游泳训练中只重视配合动作的技术,很少注意呼吸技术的训练进行了阐述。提出呼吸在游泳整个配合技术中,对身体位置、划水效果、训练节奏、以及增加氧的摄取等方面起着极其重要的作用。教练员在训练工作中不可忽视呼吸这一“细小”技术的训练。 相似文献
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Viviene A. Temple Jeff R. Crane Amy Brown Buffy-Lynne Williams Rick I. Bell 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2016,21(3):268-280
Background: Developmental theorists suggest that physical activity during early childhood promotes fundamental motor skill (FMS) proficiency; and that differences in FMS proficiency are largely related to children's experiences.Aim: To examine associations between participation in different types of recreation/leisure and FMS proficiency of boys and girls in their first year of school. We hypothesized that there would be positive associations between FMS proficiency and participation in organized sport, physical activities, and active physical recreation; but not for other types of recreation/leisure.Method: Participants (n?=?74) were kindergarten children (Mage?=?5y11?m; boys?=?55%). Parents completed the diversity dimension of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) survey. The CAPE measures children's participation in everyday activities outside of mandated school activities in the past four months in five types of formal and informal activities, specifically: Recreational activities, Physical activities, Social activities, Skill-Based activities, and Self-Improvement activities. Two categories of activities were also reported: Organized Sport and Active Physical Recreation. Locomotor and object control skills were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 and static balance was assessed using a stork stand. Sex-based differences in motor skills and participation were examined using chi-squared analyses. Correlation coefficients were used to examine relationships between motor skills and CAPE sub-domains and categories. Linear regression was used to examine whether the type of activity predicted motor skill proficiency and the reverse.Results: There were no sex-based differences in locomotor skills; whereas boys' object control skill scores were significantly higher than girls, and girls' stork stand scores were higher than boys'. Although there were no sex-based differences in the more active categories of recreational pastimes; girls participated in significantly more formal and informal dance and the prevalence of participation in team sports was significantly higher for boys. For boys, participation in physical activities predicted both locomotor and object control skill scores, organized sport predicted object control skills, and active recreation predicted stork stand times and object control skill scores. These relationships were not evident among the girls.Conclusions: These findings illustrate that young children participate in a narrower array of physically active recreational pursuits compared with less active pursuits. There were notable sex-based differences in the relationships between participation and motor skill proficiency. For girls, none of the associations between recreational pastimes and motor skill proficiency were significant. This suggests that the motor proficiency of girls, as assessed in this study, is neither a precursor to, nor an outcome of, participation in active recreational pastimes. Contrastingly, the findings for boys support theory that suggests that physical activity is driving the acquisition of particular types of motor skills. Less active recreational activities were not associated with motor skill levels of boys, whereas each of the more active categories of recreational pastimes (active recreation, physical activities, and organized sport) predicted at least one sub-type of motor skill. It also seems clear from our findings that more light needs to be shed on how to optimally portray young girls' motor skill proficiency; as well as the relationships between their participation and motor skills. 相似文献
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建立以大学生为评价对象,以提高防溺水技能和规避溺水风险为目的的大学生安心游泳技能等级标准。通过专家访谈、问卷调查、问卷筛选以及专家论证等研究方法,确定了大学生安心游泳技能等级评价标准,该标准包括游泳技能和自救技能两个方面,并使用3个层级（初级、中级、高级）9个等级（初级：1-3级;中级：4-6级;高级7-9级）来评价大学生安心游泳技能的等级。通过内回代方法对评价标准进行检验,表明该研究标准能够初步应用于大学生安心游泳技能等级评价。 相似文献
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杨国宽 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):71-72
运用文献资料法和实验法,对普通大学生游泳课余短期训练问题进行了研究探讨。要提高普通大学生课余游泳训练的质量,首先要多渠道选材,为训练打下良好基础;制定适合大学生特点的训练周期和训练计划：一般训练阶段主要是基本技术学习和基本身体素质提高;专项训练阶段以水上专项速度耐力训练为主;赛前和比赛阶段突出训练强度;采用监测心率指标等手段合理掌控负荷强度等。其训练效果极为有效,并在重大比赛中取得优异成绩。 相似文献
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Bilateral inter-arm coordination in freestyle swimming: effect of skill level and swimming speed 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of level of skill and swimming speed on inter-limb coordination of freestyle swimming movements. Five elite (2 males, 3 females; age 18.9+/-1.0 years, height 1.71+/-0.04 m, body mass 62.1+/-7.0 kg) and seven novice (age 22.0+/-2.0 years, height 1.77+/-0.04 m, body mass 74.8+/-9.0 kg) swimmers swam a sprint and a self-paced 25 m freestyle trial. The swimming trials were recorded by four digital cameras operating at 50 Hz. The digitized frames underwent a three-dimensional direct linear transformation to yield the three-dimensional endpoint kinematic trajectories. The spatio-temporal relationship between the upper limbs was quantified by means of the peak amplitude and time lag of the cross-correlation function between the right and left arm's endpoint trajectories. A strong anti-phase coupling between the two arms, as confirmed by peak amplitudes greater than 0.8, was noted for both groups and swimming speeds. Significantly higher (P<0.05) peak amplitudes were observed for the sprint compared with self-paced swimming. No significant differences in the strength of inter-limb coupling were noted between the elite and novice swimmers (P>0.05). Time lags were very close to 0 ms and did not differ between groups or swimming speeds. We conclude that in freestyle swimming, the intrinsic anti-phase (180 degrees phase difference) inter-limb relationship is strongly preserved despite the physically powerful environmental influence of the water and this "preferred" pattern is not affected by level of skill. In contrast, increasing movement speed results in stronger inter-limb coupling that is closer to the anti-phase inter-limb relationship. 相似文献
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Abstract In both the physical and academic domains interest has recently grown regarding developmental change in children's perceptions of competence. Recent advances in statistical methodology, such as latent growth modeling, enable the researcher to analyze developmental trends from both an inter- and intraindividual perspective, thus serving to increase our understanding of correlates of change in perceived competence. Using latent growth modeling, the purpose of the present study was to investigate developmental change in children's perceived competence at physical skills, examining maturational factors and chronological age as possible correlates of change. Subjects were male adolescents (N = 94). Data were collected during the child's sixth, eighth, and ninth grade school years. Results revealed a good fit for the hypothesized model, which specified mean level changes in the variables over time and an interrelationship among the latent chronometric common factors. Although a significant relationship existed between maturation and perceived competence, no significant relationship was evident between chronological age and perceived competence. Findings are discussed with particular reference to the utility of latent growth curve models for assessing developmental processes at both the inter- and intraindividual level. 相似文献
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Derwin K. C. Chan Alfred Sing Yeung Lee Duncan J. Macfarlane Martin S. Hagger Kyra Hamilton 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(14):1666-1673
ABSTRACT Two studies were employed to test the reliability and validity of the Swimming Competence Questionnaire (SCQ) among primary school children. Study 1 was a cross-sectional survey in 4959 primary school children. Study 2 was a pre-post-test quasi-experiment among 1609 primary school children who underwent a 20-lesson learn-to-swim programme. In Study 1, exploratory structural equation modelling revealed excellent goodness-of-fit and scale reliability for a two-factor model comprising distance and skill factors, which supported the construct and convergent validity. SCQ scores were significantly and positively correlated with swimming outcomes (i.e., self-efficacy, intention, swimming frequency), which supported SCQ’s concurrent and criterion validity. Average variance extracted for the SCQ factors exceeded cut-off criteria supporting discriminant validity. In Study 2, pre-test SCQ scores correlated significantly and positively with the SCQ scores, self-efficacy, intention, and swimming frequency at post-test, which supported SCQ’s test-retest reliability and predictive validity. Positive intraclass correlation between SCQ scores and coach ratings at post-test provided evidence for SCQ’s inter-rater reliability. SCQ scores significantly improved at post-test, which supported SCQ’s ecological validity. In conclusion, findings indicate that the SCQ is a valid and reliable measure to assess primary school children’s swimming competence, in terms of swimming distance and basic water survival skills. 相似文献