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燕鹏 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2008,26(5):91-92
通过对山西省体科所健身俱乐部进行有氧健身操女性学员40余人,年龄25-45岁持续参加3个月以上有氧健身操运动前后的体质量指数（BMI）和腰臀比（WHR）的测试,从而进行对有氧健身操训练对中青年肥胖女性体成分影响的研究,并对其结果进行分析和提出相关建议。 相似文献
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有氧健身操运动处方对中年女科教人员体质的影响 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
采用自制有氧健身操运动处方，指导20位中年女科教人员进行8周锻炼，并测定比较了其锻炼前后体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、安静时心率和血压及中国成人体质测定规定的8项指标。结果表明，除握力外．受试者锻炼后上述各指标都得到了不同程度的提高。研究制定的有氧健身操运动处方对增强中年女科教人员的体质有良好的影响。为使该运动处方能更有效地降低血压、增强肺通气功能和握力，锻炼的时间应延长(长于8周)．并增加上肢力量的练习内容。 相似文献
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运动对人体的影响因运动者的自身状况和运动方案的不同而结果各异,运动量是影响运动有效和安全性的关键所在.太极拳和健身操是目前中老年妇女参加最多的两项运动,目前的研究普遍认为两种健身方法对中老年人都有较好的健身效果,笔者通过测定和记录69名50-62岁中老年妇女参加太极拳和有氧健身操锻炼后体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、安静心率等指标的变化,比较两种不同强度的健身方法对中老年妇女形态和心肺功能等健身效果的影响,分析形成机制,为中老年妇女科学健身提供实践依据. 相似文献
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有氧健身操训练对中年肥胖女性体成分影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究旨在利用我部现有的科研力量和人员技术优势,通过对40多名在健身俱乐部进行有氧健身操锻炼的年龄在30-45岁女性肥胖(超过标准体重20-30)者进行为期3个月的有氧健身操锻炼,然后对锻炼前后的腰臀比(WHR)和体重指数(BMI)进行测量,即有氧健身操训练对中年肥胖女性体成分影响的研究,评价其减肥效果,结合膳食指导和健康咨询,逐步修正健身操练习者的运动量,使健身练习者达到降重不降水,降脂增肌的最佳减肥效果,确保减肥过程的安全、有效。 相似文献
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目的:探讨有氧健身操运动干预对女大学生肺通气机能的影响,为有氧健身操运动提高肺通气机能提供参考依据.方法:随机抽取山西师范大学大二学生中24名普通女大学生,对其进行12周的有氧健身操运动干预,所有测试者均采用功率Custo-Med 3000型自行车进行逐级递增负荷运动,测试运动干预前后肺通气量(VE)、潮气量(VT)、摄氧量(VO2)、二氧化碳输出量(VCO2)、呼吸商(RQ).结果:有氧健身操运动干预后,递增负荷下女大学生肺通气量(VE)、潮气量(VT)、摄氧量(VO2)、二氧化碳输出量(VCO2)和呼吸商(RQ)各指标都升高,且与干预前比较具有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:有氧健身操可对女大学生的心肺功能产生良性影响,能够提高女大学生的呼吸系统功能,有效增强呼吸系统摄取氧和运输氧的能力,以及组织有氧代谢利用氧的能力,增大肺活量. 相似文献
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兰州市30～40岁妇女有氧健身操运动后有氧工作能力的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
董静梅 《沈阳体育学院学报》2003,22(4):121-122,125
以探讨有氧健身操运动对30～40岁妇女有氧工作能力的影响为研究目的,采用自身对照法,对兰州市5区参加健身操运动一年以上的148例30—40岁妇女有氧工作能力的各项指标进行跟踪测试,并进行统计学分析。结果表明有氧健身操运动可以有效地提高妇女的肺活量(VC)、1 S肺活量(1 STVC)和个体无氧阈(ILAT)、血红蛋白(Hb);有氧健身操运动可以有效地改善人体的心肺功能和血液的载氧功能,从而提高人体的有氧工作能力。 相似文献
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太极拳是一项深受中老年女性喜爱的运动健身项目,在预治中老年女性的某些疾病方面具有一定的功效。本文通过对健身俱乐部的中年女会员连续参加3个月以上太极拳的前后的腰臀比（WHR）体质量指数（BMI）进行测试,结果显示：太极拳运动可以致使身体成分发生改变：WHR将由平均的0．84下降至0．78,同时BMI保持在理想范围内（21．69±1．50—22．34±2．01）。检测结果还显示,常年坚持太极拳运动对预防心血管系统疾病、骨质疏松等疾病都有不错的防治重要。 相似文献
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有氧健身操练习对中年女性体质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对 6 0名中年女性实施 1 6周有氧健身操练习 ,探讨有氧健身操对提高中年女性体质的作用 ,结果发现有氧健身操可降体重指数、增加肺活量、延长闭眼单脚站立时间、缩短反应时、降低心血管运动实验 ,是一种有效提高中年女性体质的健身方法。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献