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建设工程施工合同的特点及管理的主要方面 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建设工程施工合同是发包人与承包人就完成具体工程项目的建筑施工、设备安装、设备调试、工程保修等工作内容,确定双方权利与义务的协议。虽然发包人和承包人订立和履行合同属于当事人自主的市场行为,但建筑工程涉及国家和地区国民经济发展计划的实现,与人民生命财产的安全密切相关,因此建设行政主管部门必须对施工合同进行监督管理。合同管理的内容包括施工准备阶段的合同管理、施工过程的合同管理、竣工阶段的合同管理。 相似文献
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计量支付是在公路工程实施阶段资金控制的核心,是项目管理中质量、投资、进度三大目标控制中的重要内容之一,关系着发包人和承包人的切身经济利益。通过对承包人完成的工程项目进行合理地计量并及时支付,不仅是控制项目投资支出的关键环节,同时也是约束承包人履行合同义务,强化承包人合同意识的手段,保证了承包人的资金周转,避免发包人资金失控;同时通过计量支付中计划进度与实际进度的对比可以及时地掌握工程进展情况,分析出计划进度与实际进度的偏差发生在哪些方面,以便分析原因及时采取纠偏措施,实现工程项目进度目标的控制。 相似文献
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徐培杰 《大科技．科学之谜》2013,(22):332-333
在电力工程中,由发包人引起的工程变更不但会导致索赔事件的发生,更会严重影响施工进度,往往给承包人带来各方面利益的损害。因此,为了确保工程施工中承包人的利益,我们应该对电力工程中由发包人引起的工程变更给予高度的重视。本文主要从承包人的角度,对发包人的责任范畴,电力工程中变更与索赔的论证、承包人如何更好地维护自己的利益三大方面来对这一问题进行相关的论述,希望对我国电力工程施工过程中的变更与索赔事件的处理能有一定的借鉴与指导意义。 相似文献
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现有研究关于信任与创新绩效之间的关系存在正向和倒U两种不同结论.为揭开不一致的原因,基于交易成本理论和在位贡献理论将信任区分为认知型信任和情感型信任以减小信任内涵的位移,并引入机会主义行为和内部地位感知作为中介变量,探讨不同类型信任对创新绩效的差异影响.基于257份企业数据,回归结果表明,认知型信任与创新绩效存在倒U型关系,机会主义行为在此关系中起到中介作用;情感型信任与创新绩效之间存在正向关系,内部地位感知在此关系中起到中介作用.实证结果证明未能区分信任类型是造成信任研究结论不一致的重要原因. 相似文献
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监理工程师对施工合同的管理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
施工合同是发包人和承包人因工程建设而明确双方权利、义务、责任的协议,是监理工程师对工程项目实施监督管理的主要依据。监理工程师所有监理活动都必须围绕施工合同展开合同管理是实现控制目标的重要手段。因此,从某种意义上说,工程师就是对施工合同行为的监督管理。一、施工合同示范文本规定实行监理的工程业主履行合同的代表是监理工程师,监理工程师的角色是业主履行合同的代表。同时,还在合同实施过程中处于中心位置,承包人所有的工程活动必须通过工程师或者得到工程师认可。实践中,有的同志认为,维护了业主利益,就会损害承包人的利益,… 相似文献
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施工合同是发包人和承包人因工程建设而明确双方权利、义务、责任的协议,是监理工程师对工程项目实施监督管理的主要依据。监理工程师所有监理活动都必须围绕施工合同展开,合同管理是实现控制目标的重要手段。因此,从某种意义上说,工程师就是对施工合同行为的监督管理。 相似文献
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创新团队中,成员的交互记忆系统反映了团队成员基于对彼此掌握的知识的认知而形成的分工协作机制,对于团队的创新绩效具有重要影响。而团队成员之间的信任关系与网络嵌入特征则是构成了影响交互记忆系统形成与发展的关键因素。本文在探讨交互记忆系统对创新团队绩效作用效果的基础上,重点分析了信任不对称对交互记忆系统的影响机制,并考虑了以团队及成员的网络嵌入特征表现出的在其中的边界效应。本文选择某高校学生组成的移动应用软件项目设计团队开展实验研究。研究发现：首先,交互记忆系统对创新团队绩效具有显著的积极影响,其作用机制可归纳为团队创造力提升、任务效率改善提高和成员满意度改善三条路径;其次,信任不对称不利于交互记忆系统的形成与发展。信任不对称会触发团队成员的知识隐藏行为,不利于对彼此知识的识别、检索和协调,阻碍交互记忆系统的有效运行;再者,成员之间的社会网络具有显著的边界效应。网络中心性能够显著削弱信任不对称对交互记忆系统的抑制作用,但同时降低了交互记忆系统对团队绩效的积极贡献。本文研究结论不仅能够从交互记忆系统视角拓展了创新团队绩效驱动机制的相关研究,还有利于从网络嵌入视角揭示了交互记忆系统驱动创新团队绩效的边界条件,对于提升团队和企业创新绩效具有重要的实践意义。 相似文献
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发承包双方间的信任关系及合同柔性作为关系治理与合同治理的核心，被视为工程项目管理绩效保障的重要因素。然而，信任、合同柔性作为多维度概念，其深层影响关系并未得到充分解释。本文从信任、合同柔性以及项目管理绩效相互作用剖析入手，构建信任、合同柔性、项目管理绩效结构模型，并依据调查问卷的统计分析结果得出以下结论：诚信信任与能力信任正向影响合同柔性，且正向影响项目管理绩效。制度信任与合同柔性及项目管理绩效的关系并不显著。合同柔性的使用与项目管理绩效间存在显著正相关关系。最后，基于研究结论提出了相关管理启示。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献