共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
选取新疆高速公路沿线100多个气象台站近50年(1961～2010年)风向、风速资料,以及沿线7个6要素5层梯度风1年(2009～2010年)风监测资料、10个铁塔梯度风和30个大风监测站近10年(2001～2010年)监测资料,应用气象模式和极值Ⅰ概率模式计算出高速公路沿线100m×100m空间网格点上距路面4m高度处最大瞬时风速,结合线路走向与强风主风向之间夹角,确定高速公路沿线强横风警戒区间。研究结果表明:新疆高速公路五横布局中的百里风区强横风区间大风日数在157～209d,是我国乃至世界高速公路风害最严重的区间之一。阿拉山口风区、三十里风区、达坂城风区强横风区间次之,年平均大风日数148～155d。公路平原绿洲区间的风害最少,年平均大风日数不足10d。沙漠公路中部大风日数多于盆地边缘绿洲区间。高速公路强风区间短时间内瞬时风速随时间变化增量在±5.0m/s之间,最大瞬时风速随时间变化遵循正弦波周期。新疆高速公路沿线风害5大区域中以特强重大危险区和强重大危险区危害区危害最大。研究提出了新疆"五横七纵"高速公路风害防控技术主要包括:风害防控信息管理技术、防风栅防护技术。因此本项研究对于制定全国高速公路风害防控技术和安全行车技术标准及防灾减灾具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
2.
《科技通报》2015,(11)
为研究建筑群体效应对超高层建筑风荷载及风力发电能力的影响,对某250 m高大底盘、双塔体型不规则超高层建筑进行了缩尺模型风洞试验研究,通过风气候分析计算了建筑场地1年、5年和10年的低重现期风速及排除台风影响的设计风剖面,分别考虑了当前周边建筑群体和未来周边建筑群体两种群体效应工况,根据试验结果计算了该结构考虑群体效应的基底等效风荷载反力、各立面风压分布和风机发电效率。结果表明,建筑外形不规则的双塔对气流有明显的改变且作用效果不同于常规矩形超高层建筑,配合楼层平面尺寸逐层缩小,有效缓和了竖向风荷载在建筑高度上的分布。受群体效应影响,在当前和未来周边建筑群两种工况下,双塔两个主轴方向基底等效风荷载结果变化明显;裙房高度风压分布变化尤为显著,给该处风机取风口的设置造成困难;塔楼竖向风压分布发生改变,影响了风机发电效率。因此设计时须考虑群体效应影响,合理选择风机取风口位置以避免周边建筑群体改变对风力发电的不利影响。 相似文献
3.
研究目的:强风天气对高速列车安全运行影响很大。研究高铁沿线强风、大风规律,以及最大风速垂直分布、最大瞬时风速水平分布、最大瞬时风速随时间变化及周期特征,提出防御对策,提高动车组安全运营能力和服务水平,减少强风灾害对列车安全运行的影响,达到安全、高效行车目的。研究结论:我国高铁沿线风随高度变化规律遵循幂指数分布,幂指数α取值1/4～1/12;我国高速铁路沿线最大瞬时风速水平分布是随着特殊风环境(高架桥、特大桥、高路堤、路堑、垭口、峡谷)呈现独特特征,以20m以上高架桥、特大桥、高路堤弯道及垭口、峡谷、狭管效应区间瞬时风速最大,深路堑和山谷瞬时风速最小。强横风区间短时间内瞬时风速随时间变化增量在±5.0m/s之间,最大瞬时风速随时间变化遵循正弦波周期。大风日数的分布规律受天气系统和地形影响的制约,以特大桥、高架桥、高路基弯道垭口、峡谷、山口、河谷、强风和大风日数最多。其中兰新二线百里风区强横风区间大风日数在157d～209d,是我国乃至世界高铁强风灾害最严重的区间之一。提出了我国高铁强风灾害防控对策由行车预警监控措施和防风栅及人工隧道防护措施组成,为我国高铁安全运营提供了技术保障。因此本项研究对于制定全国高铁强风灾害对策和安全行车技术标准及防灾减灾具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
4.
《科技通报》2018,(12)
建筑结构的规范中没有给出复杂建筑物风荷载的局部系数,该类的建筑物风荷载需要利用风洞试验进行确定。提出基于风洞试验的多层建筑的围护结构的抗风设计方法,将规范中的阵风系数和局部的系数乘积进行修改成局部系数与脉动的风压系数的极值之和形式,可称为风压的系数极值。提出的多层建筑的围护结构设计的抗风计算的方法既适用迎风面的围护结构,同时也适用于气流分离的围护结构设计的计算。在脉动的风压系数的极值计算中,对气流分离的非正态的风压时程特性,采用非正态的峰值因子的简化计算,确定非正态的风压时程峰值的因子。与实例进行相结合,通过风洞的试验方法对多层建筑的围护结构进行设计的过程中,依据规范对围护设计的风压进行证明,说明,本文设计的围护结构能提高建筑的安全性。 相似文献
5.
6.
本文采用气象学、流体力学、风监测技术、公路工程技术、空气动力学及概率论相结合的方法,系统分析研究了新疆公路沿线大风日数分布特征,结果显示:新疆高速公路五横布局中的百里风区强横风区间大风日数在157d~209d,是我国乃至世界高速公路风害最严重的区间之一;阿拉山口风区、三十里风区、达坂城风区强横风区间次之,公路平原绿洲区间的风害最少,年平均大风日数不足1 0天.在上述工作基础上,采用三级区划指标体系和等概率分区原则,将新疆高速公路沿线风害危险区划分为5个大区,Ⅰ特强重大危险区、Ⅱ强重大危险区、Ⅲ重大危险区、Ⅳ中度危险区、Ⅴ较轻危险区.为制定新疆高速公路风害信息管理技术标准提供科学依据,达到安全高效行车目的,以便有效的提高公路通行能力和服务水平. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
我国高速列车强横风防风措施及对策研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为提高强横风天气条件下高速列车安全高效行车的目的,本文以全国高速铁路沿线738个气象站近40年（1971～2009年）风向和风速资料为基础,结合沿线100多个铁塔梯度风监测资料、兰新二线三十里风区和百里风区2个6要素5层梯度风风监测资料,以及2000个自动气象站和100个防灾安全风监测站近10年（2001年～2009年）风速和风向监测资料,进行信息化和规范化整编;将整编后的资料与高速铁路沿线各里程的地形地貌、路堤高和桥高、粗糙度等现状参数相结合,采用风监测技术、气象学、铁道工程技术、数理统计和概率论方法,即高速铁路沿线最大瞬时风速空间分布与铁路各里程点线结合的研究方法,对高速铁路沿线最大风速空间分布、垂直分布、水平分布进行系统分析研究。研究提出了我国高速列车强横风区间应按照运行管制规则,降低车速和设置防风栅及建设人工隧道降低横风强度来保证安全行车的防风对策。 相似文献
10.
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
15.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
16.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献