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从大学生创新创业教育、新创团队失败学习行为等概念入手,着重分析高校大学生新创团队失败学习行为机制,旨在探究如何促进受教育者在创业过程中能够正确对待失败,并以此进行失败学习,从而进一步增强创新能力与创业信心的作用机制。另外,也试图基于这种机制原理,针对现行的高校创新创业教育提出一些优化建议,以期培养出真正具备创新意识且敢于应对失败困境、善于从失败中学习经验的高素质人才。 相似文献
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与成功经验相比,失败经验更具有学习价值,但是其价值并没有得到足够的重视。基于社会交换理论和经验学习理论,将心理弹性和组织创新支持感引入失败学习与创新行为的关系分析框架中,构建了"失败学习——心理弹性/组织创新支持感——创新行为"的理论模型。通过对9家高新技术企业中的903名研发人员进行结构性调查,检验了理论模型及相应的研究假设。结果表明:(1)研发人员的失败学习对其创新行为有显著正向影响;(2)心理弹性和组织创新支持感分别正向调节研发人员的失败学习与其创新行为之间的关系;(3)心理弹性和组织创新支持感同时加入调节模型后,三重交互效应显著。 相似文献
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成功的创业者大多经历失败,但经历失败的创业者并不一定能走向成功。能否将失败视为学习机会并从中进行有效学习对新企业发展具有重要影响。在以往研究的基础上,编制创业失败学习问卷,并检验创业失败学习与新企业绩效的关系,探索团队创业精神对该过程的作用机制。通过292份有效问卷的数据分析表明,创业失败学习可以区分为认知改变和能力提升两个维度,创业失败学习与团队创业精神、新企业绩效具有显著正相关关系,且团队创业精神中集体创新和协作进取两个维度作为中介变量影响创业失败学习与新企业绩效的关系。 相似文献
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当前大学生创业失败率较高,从创业失败中吸取经验教训方能实现“失败是成功之母”。基于239份大学生创业失败调查问卷,按照“失败归因-失败学习-失败修复”理论逻辑,采用结构方程模型实证分析了大学生创业失败归因对创业失败修复的影响。研究发现：失败归因对失败学习具有正向影响,失败学习对失败修复具有正向影响,失败学习在失败归因和失败修复间起完全中介作用。由此提出提升大学生创业元认知能力、创业运作能力和创业心理恢复能力的措施,从而帮助大学生由创业失败转向创业成功。 相似文献
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创业失败是学习的一种重要情景,甚至比创业成功更具有信息价值,而创业研究却忽视失败视角,割裂了失败与成功之间的关系。为了更好地理解创业失败经历是否有助于日后创业成功这一核心问题,本文构建了创业失败、失败学习和新创企业绩效的理论模型,并通过对147份有效样本的实证研究得到了以下发现：创业失败与失败学习、新创业企业绩效均呈非线性倒u关系,即随着创业失败次数和失败程度地增加,创业者的失败学习水平和新创业企业绩效也会随之增加;但是当失败次数和失败程度超过某一个阀值点以后,经历过多地失败反而会导致失败学习水平和新创企业绩效降低;而失败学习与新创企业绩效有显著正影响,失败学习在创业失败与新创企业绩效之间起到中介效应作用。研究发现揭示出,并不是所有的失败经历都能等效地促进失败学习,适度失败才是最佳学习情景,最具有学习价值,善于从失败中学习才是走向创业成功的关键。 相似文献
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《科研管理》2017,(4)
创业失败是学习的一种重要情景,甚至比创业成功更具有信息价值,而创业研究却忽视失败视角,割裂了失败与成功之间的关系。为了更好地理解创业失败经历是否有助于日后创业成功这一核心问题,本文构建了创业失败、失败学习和新创企业绩效的理论模型,并通过对147份有效样本的实证研究得到了以下发现:创业失败与失败学习、新创业企业绩效均呈非线性倒u关系,即随着创业失败次数和失败程度地增加,创业者的失败学习水平和新创业企业绩效也会随之增加;但是当失败次数和失败程度超过某一个阀值点以后,经历过多地失败反而会导致失败学习水平和新创企业绩效降低;而失败学习与新创企业绩效有显著正影响,失败学习在创业失败与新创企业绩效之间起到中介效应作用。研究发现揭示出,并不是所有的失败经历都能等效地促进失败学习,适度失败才是最佳学习情景,最具有学习价值,善于从失败中学习才是走向创业成功的关键。 相似文献
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以往研究表明，从创业失败的负面情绪中恢复是后续学习行为产生的重要因素，特定的思维方式可以帮助创业者在认知与动机层面上缓解/增强负面情绪对创业学习的消极影响。本文基于这一理论框架，关注情绪成本对于双元学习的负面影响，并引入反事实思维，即个体分析和解构以往事件的思维过程，作为影响消极作用的边界条件。通过199份有失败经历的连续创业者问卷调查发现：失败带来的情绪成本不利于后续创业学习；创业者采取自我导向反事实思维可以弱化情绪成本与探索式学习的负向关系；创业者采取他人导向反事实思维可以弱化情绪成本对利用式学习的消极影响。研究结论可以启发创业者辩证地看待创业失败带来的情绪成本，通过思维培训和情绪管理策略调整心理压力和负面情绪，更高效地从失败中学习获益。 相似文献
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失败是创业活动中必不可少的一部分。为更好地挖掘创业失败的价值，本文探究了连续创业者的先前创业失败经历对其后续学习行为的影响，并从创业者不同的归因倾向出发，探究了失败经历对失败后学习行为影响的边界条件。基于创业学习理论和归因理论，对181位创业者的调研结果进行实证检验，发现：创业者失败经历对于该创业者后续创业活动中的探索式学习行为有促进作用，抑制了利用式学习行为。而在失败后，失败归因对于创业失败经历和学习行为之间的关系有调节作用：当创业者将失败原因更多归咎于外部归因时，创业者更倾向于采用探索式学习行为，而不倾向采用利用式学习行为。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献