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本文研究了总经理和董事长两职合一、大股东控制及其交互作用对投资效率的影响。研究发现,两职合一公司的投资效率显著低于两职分离公司;但进一步研究表明,在股权集中度较低公司中,董事长与总经理两职合一没有显著影响投资效率;相对于股权集中度较低公司来说,股权集中度较高公司的两职合一更能降低公司的投资效率;股权集中度较高公司的两职合一与非效率投资显著正相关。此外,在董事长与总经理两职分离的公司中,第1大股东持股比例越高,投资效率越高;相对于两职分离公司来说,两职合一公司的第1大股东持股比例更能造成非效率投资;两职合一公司的第1大股东持股比例与非效率投资显著正相关。本文既拓展了已有大股东控制与投资效率之间关系的研究,也深化了两职合一的经济后果的研究。 相似文献
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高管持股与研发投资:利益趋同效应还是管理防御效应?——基于高新技术上市公司的实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用高新技术上市公司2008—2011年面板数据,实证研究了高管持股与研发投资关系.研究结果表明：对于研发投资战略,高管持股比例较低时具有利益趋同效应,随着持股比例增加,产生管理防御效应;股权性质微弱负向调节公司研发投资强度与高管持股之间的关系;股权集中度负向调节公司研发投资强度与高管持股之间的关系;股权制衡度微弱正向调节公司研发投资强度与高管持股之间关系.因此,适度的高管持股比例及制约大股东控制的影响将有利于公司加大研发投资 相似文献
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不同产权性质下股权结构对投资行为的影响——来自中国上市公司的经验证据 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
股权结构如何影响公司投资行为一直是资本结构研究领域中颇受人们关注的一个问题.本文结合我国主要存在的国有产权和私有产权两种制度,在对股权结构与公司非效率投资之间的相关性进行理论分析的基础上,以我国上市公司2006-2008年的数据为样本,对这种关系进行了实证检验.结果发现,控股股东持股比例与非效率投资呈正相关,但在两类公司存在差异;外部大股东持股比例与非效率投资呈负相关,但在国有控股上市公司更为显著;经营者持股比例与非效率投资呈不显著负相关,但在民营上市公司相对显著;机构投资者持股比例在两类公司中均与非效率投资不存在显著相关性;终极控股股东的两权分离导致了非效率投资现象,在民营上市公司主要表现为投资不足,而国有控股上市公司主要表现为投资过度.总之,股权结构是影响投资行为以及造成不同产权性质的公司非效率投资存在差异的一个重要因素. 相似文献
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自然人控股公司的治理特征与绩效的实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对自然人控股公司的治理特征与绩效进行了实证研究。研究表明：高管持股、两职兼任都与公司绩效显著负相关；总经理（CEO）持股、基金持股与公司绩效显著正相关。而第一大股东的“一股独大”，没有对其业绩产生显著的消极影响；股权制衡度、独立董事的治理机制也没有发挥出显著的积极作用。需进一步完善公司治理结构，进而提高公司绩效。 相似文献
6.
突破已有研究仅孤立地关注经理自主权与股权集中度各自对R&D投入影响的现状,将二者纳入到同一框架中更全面地探讨公司R&D投入的决定机制.结果表明:以职位权、所有权和专家权度量的经理自主权对公司R&D投入强度呈现显著的正向促进效应;以第一大股东持股比例、赫芬戴尔指数或前三大股东持股比例之和度量的股权集中度对R&D投入强度虽无显著直接效应,但对经理自主权与R&D投入强度的正相关性呈现显著正向调节效应. 相似文献
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经理自主权与R＆D投入的相关性检验—来自中国证券市场的经验证据 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以中国上市公司为对象,研究了经理自主权对企业R&D投入的影响.研究发现,我国经理自主权总体上对企业R&D投入强度有显著的正向影响,其中以董事长与总经理"二职兼任"为特征的经理职位权和以营运资金或自由现金流为特征的经理运作权均与R&D投入强度显著正相关,但以高管薪酬差异为特征的经理薪酬权与R&D投入的关系不明显.另外,R&D强度还与总经理持股比例、资产负债率、是否为高科技行业以及第一大股东是否为国有股或国有法人股显著正相关,与企业规模呈显著的倒U型关系,但与股权集中度、经理变更、资产收益率、年份的关系不明显. 相似文献
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论文选取2007-2013年上市公司研发投资数据,运用单变量分组差异检验和多变量回归分析的方法,研究了公司控制权以及行业竞争对公司研发投资强度的影响。研究发现国家大股东、法人大股东、股权集中度、国家实际控制人、两权分离度对公司研发投资强度具有负向影响,而股权制衡度、机构持股对公司研发投资强度具有正向影响,大股东股权对公司研发投资强度有微弱的非线性影响;而公司市场优势对研发强度有负向影响,行业竞争对研发强度具有正向影响;在交互性上,行业竞争可以减轻国家大股东或实际控制人对公司研发投资强度的负向影响,行业竞争与股权制衡在公司研发投资的影响上具有一定替代性。 相似文献
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以2007—2015年我国A股上市公司为样本,研究总经理离任前是否会削减研发投入,并从"想不想"(行为动机)和"能不能"(个人权力)两方面分组检验。研究结果发现:总经理离任与公司上年度研发投入负相关;当总经理未持有本公司股份或兼任董事长时,其具有离任前削减研发的动机、权力,两者负相关关系显著成立;当总经理持有公司股份或未兼任董事长时,其离任前削减研发的动机、权力受限,两者负相关关系不成立。研究发现总经理持股和两职合一在总经理离任前消极研发行为中的关键作用,为公司获取长期利益提供新的证据。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献