体育锻炼促进本科女生学习效率的实证研究     

果梅  刘振卿  李鑫  刘鹏飞  陈萍 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(5):85-86

本研究通过量表信效度检测、设计量表、相关性分析,以北京工业大学本科女生群体作为调查对象,探究本科女生体育锻炼与其学习效率是否具有相关性。最终通过数据分析得到,本科女生体育锻炼与其学习效率成正相关性,故基于"线上线下"、"课上课下"角度一级北京工业大学校园资源建设的实际情况,提出相对应的措施来促进北京工业大学本科女生体育锻炼水平,进而提升其学习效率。  相似文献   

Bilingual education through a pluri-centric approach: A case study of the effects of simultaneously learning two languages on L1 and L2 reading and writing proficiency     

《Studies in Educational Evaluation》2020

Language education has often been conducted based on monoglossic ideologies that keep L1 and L2 separate, a practice that receives growing criticism as out of sync with today’s multilingual globalized world. Informed by interdependence hypotheses and translanguaging theory, this research study explored the effects of a pluri-centric approach to learning L1 and L2 simultaneously. Through a bilingual intervention course with data collected from interviews, parents’ logbooks, observation field notes, questionnaires, and L1 and L2 reading and writing tests, this case study (n = 9) revealed that the approach effectively improved learners’ L1 and L2 proficiency, learning behaviour outside the classroom, self-efficacy, and confidence. Overall, the participants also perceived the bilingual course as effective, efficient, and innovative. The study provides a basis to reflect upon transferrable skills and core underlying proficiency as powerful concepts to draw upon in enhancing bilingual proficiency and effecting positive changes in learners’ behaviour and psychological well-being.  相似文献   

Acute cardiovascular responses to interval exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis     

Kym Joanne Price  Brett Ashley Gordon  Stephen Richard Bird  Amanda Clare Benson 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(9):970-984

ABSTRACT

Interval exercise training is increasingly recommended to improve health and fitness; however, it is not known if cardiovascular risk is different from continuous exercise protocols. This systematic review with meta-analyses assessed the effect of a single bout of interval exercise on cardiovascular responses that indicate risk of cardiac fibrillation and infarction compared to continuous exercise. Electronic databases Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane were searched. Key inclusion criteria were: (1) intervals of the same intensity and duration followed by a recovery period and (2) reporting at least one of blood pressure, heart rate variability, arterial stiffness or function. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE approach were used. Meta-analyses found that systolic blood pressure responses to interval exercise did not differ from responses to continuous exercise immediately (MD 8 mmHg [95% CI ?32, 47], p = 0.71) or at 60 min following exercise (MD 0 mmHg [95% CI ?2, 1], p = 0.79). However, reductions in diastolic blood pressure and flow-mediated dilation with interval exercise were observed 10–15 min post-exercise. The available evidence indicates that interval exercise does not convey higher cardiovascular risk than continuous exercise. Further investigation is required to establish the safety of interval exercise for clinical populations.  相似文献   

适应性完美主义、自主动机对青少年锻炼坚持性的影响:父母自主支持的调节效应     

董宝林  毛丽娟 《上海体育学院学报》2020,(2):11-21

目的考察适应性完美主义、自主动机对青少年锻炼坚持性的综合影响,检验父母自主支持的调节效应。方法修订父母社会背景调查问卷(家长报告)的自主支持分量表、中文Frost多维度完美主义问卷的个人标准和条理性分量表、因果控制点知觉量表和青少年户外运动坚持性量表,对2230名12~18岁青少年及其家长进行调查,分析适应性完美主义对青少年锻炼坚持性的间接影响。结果父母自主支持、青少年的适应性完美主义和自主动机对锻炼坚持性正向影响皆显著,分别解释了3.7%、30.3%和38.3%的变异;在适应性完美主义与青少年锻炼坚持性的影响链条上,自主动机的中介效应、父母自主支持的中介调节效应、性别的调节中介效应皆显著,三者共同的间接效应值为0.426,占总效应的77.45%。结论适应性完美主义既能直接影响青少年的锻炼坚持性,又能通过自主动机的中介而间接作用于锻炼坚持性;父母对青少年体育锻炼的自主支持能够对青少年的适应性完美主义和锻炼自主动机产生积极的调节作用;相较于女性青少年,男性青少年的锻炼自主动机更强烈、锻炼亦更具坚持性。  相似文献   

Genetic Polymorphism of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptors and Their Effect on the Clinical Outcome of Captopril Treatment in Arab Iraqi Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (Mid Euphrates)     

Fadhaa A. Ghafil  Bassim I. Mohammad  Hussain S. Al-Janabi  Najah R. Hadi  Hayder A. Al-Aubaidy 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2021,36(1):81

Genetic variation in the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) has an important effect on the outcome of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) initiated treatment with captopril. This study aims to investigate the impact of genetic polymorphism of AT1R (rs5186 and rs275651) on the ACS outcome in Iraqi patients treated with captopril. A total of 250 Iraqi individuals with ACS were included in this case—control study and they were divided into two study groups; Study group 1 included 125 participants who were prescribed captopril, 25 mg twice daily and study group 2 included 125 participants who received no captopril as part of their ACS treatment (control study). The AT1R gene (rs5186) CC genotype was found to be associated with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (Odd’s ratio (O.R) = 1.2, P = 0.7), while AC was associated with Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina (UA) (O.R = 1.2, P = 0.8). AC genotype is more prone to have Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after ACS attack (O.R = 1.2, P = 0.6). CC genotype had a risk to get less improvement (O.R = 1.6, P = 0.5), so might require higher doses of captopril during acute coronary insult. The AT1R gene (rs275651) AA genotype was associated with UA (O.R = 1.3, P = 0.9). AA and AT genotypes were more prone to have PCI after ACS attack (O.R = 3.9 P = 0.2, O.R = 3.5, P = 0.3 respectively) and thus requiring higher doses of captopril. We conclude that the AT1R rs5186, rs275651 genetic polymorphisms might partially affect the clinical outcome of ACS patients treated with captopril and might have captopril resistance which requires higher doses.  相似文献   

视力康复背景下体育锻炼与儿童动态视力关系研究及启示          下载免费PDF全文

潘景玲  蔡赓  殷荣宾  孙雷  王国祥 《体育科研》2019,(1):90-95

目的：探讨动态视力在不同类型体育项目间的发展特征，为体育锻炼改善视力的应用研究提供依据。方法：选取6~10岁无专门体育训练经历的在校学生和参加足球、乒乓球、跆拳道、空手道、游泳、体操等项目的俱乐部或体校学生，共603名。使用动态视力检测仪和标准对数视力灯箱测量动态视力和静态视力。计算动静比（动态视力/静态视力），并将其作为衡量动态视力发展水平的指标。结果：6~7岁是动态视力发展的敏感期（P＜0.05），8岁、10岁男性儿童的动静比高于女性儿童，且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。校外体育练习组的动静比高于普通在校学生组（P＜0.05），开放性运动项目的动静比高于闭锁性运动项目（P＜0.05）。结论：参加体育锻炼对动态视力的发展有积极的影响，且不同运动项目的影响效果不同。  相似文献   

不同负荷运动训练对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体三羧酸循环的影响及其机制研究     

李洁  杨静  赵丽丽 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(5):88-94

目的：探讨不同负荷运动训练对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体三羧酸循环的影响及其机制。方法：将雄性Wistar大鼠50只随机均分为5组：安静对照组（C）、低负荷运动训练组（LT）、中等负荷运动训练组（MT）、高负荷运动训练组（HT）和极高负荷运动训练组（ST），每组10只。各运动组分别进行6周的跑台运动训练。训练方案结束后，取腓肠肌样本，提取线粒体，测定线粒体柠檬酸合成酶（CS）、异柠檬酸脱氢酶（ICD）和α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶（α-KGDHC）活性；线粒体Ga²⁺含量、胞浆NADH、NAD⁺、ATP和ADP含量，以及ICD mRNA转录水平。结果：（1）不同负荷运动训练组线粒体CS、ICD和α-KGDHC的活性均显著高于安静对照组（P < 0.01），且CS和ICD活性由高到低顺序均为：MT组 > HT组 > ST组 > LT组 > C组，α-KGDHC活性由高到低顺序为：HT组 > MT组 > ST组 > LT组 > C组。（2）不同负荷运动训练组线粒体Ca²⁺ 含量均显著高于安静对照组（P < 0.01），其含量由高到低顺序为：MT组 > HT组 > ST组 > LT组 > C组；胞浆NADH/NAD⁺和ATP/ADP的比值均显著低于安静对照组（P < 0.01），其比值由低到高顺序为：MT组 < ST组 < HT组 < LT组 < C组。（3）不同负荷运动训练组ICD mRNA转录水平均高于安静对照组（P < 0.01），其水平由高到低顺序为： MT组 > HT组 > ST组 > LT组 > C组。结论：低负荷、中等负荷、高负荷及极高负荷运动训练均可提高大鼠骨骼肌线粒体三羧酸循环功能，且中等负荷运动训练效果最佳。其机制与胞浆NADH/NAD⁺和ATP/ADP比值、线粒体摄钙能力及限速酶基因的表达有关。  相似文献   

Acute effects of different warm-up protocols on highly skilled golfers’ drive performance     

Ben L. Langdown  Jack E.T. Wells  Sean Graham  Matt W. Bridge 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(6):656-664

Previous research has highlighted the positive effect that different warm-up protocols have on golf performance (e.g. Sorbie et al., 2016; Tilley & Macfarlane, 2012) with the design of warm-ups and programmes targeting and improving golf performance through the activation and development of specific muscle groups. This study aimed to examine the acute effects of two warm-up protocols on golf drive performance in comparison to a control condition. Using a randomised counterbalanced design over three testing sessions, twenty-three highly skilled golfers completed the control, dynamic and resistance-band warm-up conditions. Following each condition, a GC2 launch monitor was used to record ball velocity and other launch parameters of ten shots hit with the participants’ own driver. A repeated-measures ANOVA found significant increases in ball velocity (η_p² = .217) between the control and both the dynamic and resistance-band warm-up conditions but no difference between these latter two, and a reduction in launch angle between control and dynamic conditions. The use of either a dynamic stretching or resistance-band warm-up can have acute benefits on ball velocity but golfers should liaise with a PGA Professional golf coach to effectively integrate this into their golf driving performance.  相似文献   

Paternal support for child sexual abuse victims: A qualitative study     

《Child abuse & neglect》2019

BackgroundThe current state of knowledge regarding the role of non-offending fathers in supporting their sexually abused children is very scarce.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to further our understanding of fathers’ roles following disclosure of their children’s sexual abuse (SA) by evaluating fathers’ perceptions of the impact of disclosure on their involvement and support of their children.Participants and methodThis qualitative study relies on individual semi-structured interviews conducted with 17 fathers of allegedly abused children.ResultsInductive thematic analysis first highlighted that some reported a period of disengagement from the child during which they put into question their role and attitudes, followed by a period of re-involvement. This period of difficulties experienced by some fathers in regard to their involvement towards their children was due to either their own important psychological distress, their ambivalence towards their child or even because of feelings of uneasiness experienced during physical contact with them. Despite this, findings indicate the presence of thoughts and attitudes that suggest children are a source of concern for fathers. The four forms of abuse-specific support previously observed among mothers (believing the child, seeking out professional services, protecting him/her from the offender, supporting him/her emotionally) were also observed among fathers. In accordance with the activation theory, a form of support specific to fathers, namely, encouraging the child to open up to and explore the world outside the family, thereby, fostering the child’s self-esteem development, was observed and constitutes a relevant finding.ConclusionClinical and empirical implications are discussed.  相似文献   

心脏Nmnat过表达联合耐力运动对果蝇高脂膳食诱发脂毒性心肌症的影响     

文登台  郑澜  陆凯  刘宪楚  后文其 《首都体育学院学报》2020,(1):87-96

利用UAS/hand-gal4系统构建果蝇心脏Nmnat基因特异性过表达,研究心脏Nmnat基因过表达联合耐力运动对高脂膳食诱发脂毒性心肌症的影响,并分析其分子机制。方法:雄性w^1118和NmnatUAS系果蝇分别与雌性hand-Gal4杂交,收集F1代心脏Nmnat正常表达(hand>w^1118)和过表达(hand>Nmnat)处女蝇,饲养至15 d后开始进行耐力运动(E)和高脂膳食(HFD),并分为hand>w^1118、hand>w^1118+E、hand>w^1118+HFD、hand>w^1118+HFD+E、hand>Nmnat、hand>Nmnat+E、hand>Nmnat+HFD、hand>Nmnat+HFD+E共8组,每组410只。ELISA检测心脏TAG、NAD+、SIR2蛋白去乙酰化、SOD活力和MDA水平,qRT-PCR检测心脏相关基因mRNA表达,M-mode检测心脏功能情况。结果:hand>w^1118+HFD+E果蝇心脏的Nmnat、dFoxo、bmm表达、NAD+水平、SIR2去乙酰化、SOD活力、缩短分数高于hand>w^1118+HFD(P<0.05或P<0.01),且d FAS和Col4al表达、TAG和MDA水平、心率和纤维性振颤低于hand>w^1118+HFD(P<0.05或P<0.01);hand>Nmnat果蝇心脏各指标与hand>Nmnat+HFD相比较未见显著差异(P>0.05);hand>Nmnat+HFD+E果蝇心脏的Nmnat、dFoxo、bmm表达、心脏NAD+水平、SIR2去乙酰化、SOD活力、心脏缩短分数高于hand>Nmnat+HFD(P<0.05或P<0.01),且dFAS和Col4al表达\TAG和MDA水平、心率和纤维性振颤低于hand>Nmnat+HFD(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:心脏Nmnat过表达和耐力运动均能抵抗果蝇高脂膳食诱发的心脏脂质过度堆积、氧化损伤、减弱心脏收缩能力和增加纤维性振颤,其分子机制与心脏Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2/dFoxo通路活性增强有关。心脏Nmnat基因过表达联合耐力运动能更好地降低脂毒性心肌症的发生概率,其机制与二者联合对心脏Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2/dFoxo通路活性上调的叠加作用有关。  相似文献