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1.
所谓计算型弱人工智能指的是在各种智力行为的表现上都至少跟人类一样好的计算型人工产品。彭罗斯改进了卢卡斯的论证,但保留了该论证中的核心部分(哥德尔不完备性定理),并据此论证所得出的结论是计算型的弱人工智能不可能成功。但哲学家如塞尔、计算机科学家如罗素和诺维格都认为彭罗斯的论证并不可信,并对彭罗斯的论证提出了三点反击。我们将在这篇论文中论证罗素和诺维格的回击并不成功,并指出思想实验方法的局限性。 相似文献
2.
在传统故障诊断基础上，将多Agent技术（MAS）应用于复杂系统故障诊断领域，是求解复杂过程故障诊断问题的一种新尝试．研究了基于MAS的分布式智能故障诊断模型，基于一种分布式Agent诊断系统结构原型系统，重点研究了诊断问题的任务辨识、分解问题，构建了基于Agent的任务分配的综合遗传算法和模拟退火算法的混合算法．应用表明，该算法具有很好的可扩展性、适应性和稳定性． 相似文献
3.
Keith Shaw 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2008,39(2):319-323
This paper compares and contrasts the use of AI principles in industrial training with more normal computer‐based training (CBT) approaches. A number of applications of CBT are illustrated (for example simulations, tutorial presentations, fault diagnosis, management games, industrial relations exercises) and compared with an alternative approach using AI. An evaluation of the relative merits of the two approaches will be given. Existing CBT packages are used to illustrate the points raised and the emphasis of the arguments will be on the effectiveness of AI and CBT in terms of both cost and learning. The position of AI applications within CBT is discussed, as is the task of getting started in applying these techniques. 相似文献
4.
依据心电图特征参数R峰面积与S峰面积比,对正常、异常心电图进行快速二分类以提高心电分类效率和准确率。通过MIT-BIH数据库统计分析,正常心电图R峰面积与S峰面积比远大于异常心电图中的面积比值。在QRS波群检测中,改进QRS波群起止点检测算法,将移动窗口积分法、距离最大值法与斜率突变法3种方法加权平均结果作为QRS起止点最终检测结果,弥补单一算法的不足,提高起止点检测精确度,为面积比计算及后续心脏病辅助诊断提供可靠前提。基于低功耗、便携的树莓派平台实现算法,以树莓派Raspbian系统自带的Python为工具,构建了一个便携、实时的心电辅助诊断平台。 相似文献
5.
学科教师是推进教育信息化、在教学中运用人工智能技术的主体,全面了解学科教师对人工智能和智能教育的知识储备、兴趣、应用困难和需求是开展针对性培训,提升教师运用人工智能教学能力的前提。对北京市8个区1266名中小学教师的调查发现:教师对人工智能总体感兴趣,能认识到其应用价值,但对其功能等了解还不够深入;对人工智能助力教学作用的认识男教师高于女教师,随年龄增长呈下降趋势,随学段升高而下降;对人工智能的兴趣男教师显著高于女教师,随年龄增长呈下降趋势;城乡和学科差异均不显著。基于此,要加强对教师人工智能教育应用的培训与普及,抓好40岁以下年轻教师和学校中层管理人员等骨干群体,促进培训与应用的互动和结合,加强技术环境与软件平台的建设,加强人工智能在学科领域中的应用研究。 相似文献
6.
第三次人工智能浪潮的到来,掀起了人类历史上最具颠覆性的智能化革命,深刻地改变了技术与人的关系。以人工智能(AI)为驱动力的智能机器人技术,正逐步进入学校与课堂,赋能教学创新,催生了整合智能机器人的新型教学与学习生态系统。基于此,从智能机器人的内涵出发,梳理智能机器人的发展特征与教学功能;结合智能机器人的教学应用典型案例,审视智能机器人作为教学赋能之要素。通过计算与连接工具,探讨智能机器人助力精准教学、实践创新能力培养,开展智慧学伴、智能测评、大数据教学过程管理、人机协同"双师课堂"等方面的教学应用;从教学系统变革层面出发,以智能机器人为增强要素,促进教育系统的协同与治理;支持教师数字素养提升,补偿性教育技术应用,教学管理智能化,助力学校教育"智"理等;同时,结合现实提出智能机器人在教学应用中面临的五大挑战,以期为智能时代智能机器人的教育应用与发展,提供参考与思路。 相似文献
7.
AI赋能教师教育评价的内涵是AI与教师教育评价进行深度有机融合,在特定教师教育价值观的指导下,依据明确的教师教育目标,使用AI技术和方法,对所实施的各种教育活动、教育过 程和教育结果进行科学判定。与以往教师教育评价相比,AI赋能教师教育评价在评价模型、参与主体、获取数据、分析诊断、评价反馈等方面具有鲜明特征。AI赋能教师教育评价的框架由五个层面和一个保障体系构成。在实践中,AI赋能教师教育评价可通过更新观念、规范标准、挖掘数据、支持专业等路径整体推进,以构建智能高效的教师教育评价体系。 相似文献
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The aggregation index (AI) is a classical ecology calculation method, which has been widely used for measuring the aggregation level of spatial patterns within a landscape scale in landscape ecological studies. However, it has certain limitions. For instance, identical results can be obtained by AI even when the shape and number of landscape patches are totally different in two landscape units. Furthermore, the value of AI approaches to 1 if the landscape patch is large enough. To solve these problems, a logical limitation of the original AI equation was revised firstly. Secondly, an improved AI-J was developed based on the awareness of the effects of spatial distribution characteristics of patches and changing spatial scale on AI operation. Finally, the accuracy of AI and AI-J results were evaluated through a case study of city green patches in Chengdu, P. R. China. The results show that the calculated result of AI-J is more precise than that of AI and AI-J can be used to compare a certain landscape class under different spatial scales. 相似文献
9.
随着大数据时代的到来,数据采集、数据分析、数据管理、数据校验已成为问题导向的教学质量管理与诊断机制构建的重要抓手.针对教学质量测评中测评指标体系的任意定义和数据归一化计算的核心问题,文章提出并实现了递归模型解决方案,按照“顶层设计-指标体系设计-规范化操作流程-大数据采集与反馈-数据分析-诊断与改进”的实践流程,取得了一定的应用效果。文章同时提出通过AI技术对教学质量评价中的海量评语进行情感倾向分析和评论观点抽取,从而弥补教学质量评价的短板与不足. 相似文献
10.
认知诊断理论是基于项目反应理论的新一代测量理论,在教育测量实践中具有广阔的应用前景。诊断理论的研究主要围绕诊断模型的提出、模型诊断性能的评估、模型诊断结果的报告三个方面展开。认知诊断研究在上述三个方面的进展促进了诊断模型理论建设的深入与应用范围的拓展,但是在模型的外在效度、模型的群体诊断结果、模型的选择与比较、多分项目的诊断模型以及不同诊断测验之间的等值方面仍需进一步研究探索。 相似文献
11.
长期以来,技术的教育应用被寄予厚望。然而,技术应用之于教育发展的实际促进作用有待科学验证。聚焦人工智能在高等教育中的应用,选取不同数据库的英文同行评审期刊中的实证研究文献进行分析,可获得人工智能在提升学生学习体验、提高学生学习效果和扩大教育机会、促进教育公平方面的实证研究证据。分析结果显示,虽然多数研究表明AI能提高学习效果,但整体研究质量有待提高,且未能保证研究成果的可复制性和可推广性;如何发挥AI潜能、扩大教育机会、促进教育公平,也尚未引起应有关注。 相似文献
12.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most important causes of visual impairment. Automatic recognition of DR lesions, like hard exudates (EXs), in retinal images can contribute to the diagnosis and screening of the disease. To achieve this goal, an automatically detecting approach based on improved FCM (IFCM) as well as support vector machines (SVM) was established and studied. Firstly, color fundus images were segmented by IFCM, and candidate regions of EXs were obtained. Then, the SVM classifier is confirmed with the optimal subset of features and judgments of these candidate regions, as a result hard exudates are detected from fundus images. Our database was composed of 126 images with variable color, brightness, and quality. 70 of them were used to train the SVM and the remaining 56 to assess the performance of the method. Using a lesion based criterion, we achieved a mean sensitivity of 94.65 and a mean positive predictive value of 97.25 . With an image-based criterion, our approach reached a 100 mean sensitivity, 96.43 mean specificity and 98.21 mean accuracy. Furthermore, the average time cost in processing an image is 4.56 s. The results suggest that the proposed method can efficiently detect EXs from color fundus images and it could be a diagnostic aid for ophthalmologists in the screening for DR. 相似文献
13.
Sdenka Zobeida Salas-Pilco 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2020,51(5):1808-1825
This qualitative study examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics in learning designs from the perspective of learning sciences. The literature on the topic indicates that there is not enough research on including diverse learning outcomes in the designs for learning. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand how AI and robots impact physical, social-emotional and intellectual learning outcomes through the implementation of learning designs that are guided by selected design principles. In this study, the design-based research (DBR) methodology was employed for investigating learning in naturalistic contexts. The intervention was implemented in a primary school in which learners used educational robots. The main findings reveal that the development of an integrated analytical framework, which considers a broader spectrum of human potential, allows for analyzing students’ learning outcomes in a more integral, inclusive and balanced way. This, in turn, promotes students’ learning by using AI and robots. Another finding reveals that the impact of using AI and robotics on learning designs is reflected in learners’ personal trajectories having different pathways and paces. Finally, the lessons learned and the challenges to be overcome are summarized, and recommendations are made for future research for the enhancement of learning experiences that use AI and robotics. 相似文献
14.
为探讨眼科玻璃体手术带教在眼底病教学中的应用,随机抽取授课班级,将学生分为对照组和实验组。两组理论教学方式相同,均采用传统课堂讲授模式;见习教学对照组采用传统单纯理论讲解教学模式,实验组临床病例术中带教教学模式,教学结束后进行理论考试和病例分析考试,分析评估两种教学模式的效果。结果显示,实验组学生成绩显著高于对照组,二者差异有统计学意义。由此得出结论:眼科玻璃体手术带教是眼底病教学中一种有效值得推广的教学方式。 相似文献
15.
作为基础教育阶段开展人工智能教育的主要载体和《普通高中信息技术课程标准(2017年版)》落地的重要依托,《人工智能初步》教材为人们理解人工智能教育提供了代表性样本。文章使用内容分析法,对目前完成的四本《人工智能初步》教材从知识内容、篇章结构、活动设计、评价方式和技术载体五个维度进行了全面分析。研究发现:教学内容方面,教材覆盖了人工智能概念、特征、发展历程、核心算法、典型应用、模块开发、伦理与安全等学科大概念及知识点,各有侧重和拓展;篇章结构方面,四本教材风格各异,章节流程明晰;活动设计方面,主要通过研究性、项目式、探索式活动引导学生拓展思维,具有丰富性、趣味性和协作性等特点,兼顾了知识建构的深度和广度;评价方式方面,均以基于项目的学习评价为主、知识测试为辅,将学生高阶能力发展置于首位;技术载体方面,主要选用国产人工智能开放平台和Python语言。受多种因素的影响,每本教材也各有不足,文章讨论了可能的改进思路。 相似文献
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数据挖掘技术中的支持向量机是一种基于结构风险最小化的分类算法.文章通过分析该算法的机理和应用特征,结合中医脏腑辨证理论,通过对大量中医脏腑辨证施治实例的研究,探索出用该算法解决一直困扰传统中医“脏腑辨证”分析过程中的诸多不确定性问题的方法,具有良好的实用价值. 相似文献
17.
Can Appreciative Inquiry increase positive interactions,student self‐advocacy and turn‐taking during IEP meetings? 
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下载免费PDF全文 Peter L. Kozik 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2018,18(2):114-123
This comparative research study in the context of action research documents the effects of Appreciative Inquiry (AI) on positive participant interactions, student turn‐taking and self‐advocacy interactions during IEP meetings that focused on student transition to post‐secondary outcomes. AI was implemented as a written protocol for conducting IEP meetings in one school unit (P) that had been developed from an AI training in a second school unit (E) which also used the protocol. A third unit (C) with neither training nor a protocol to use served as a comparison. 124 IEP meetings in these three units in New York State in the United States were observed and recorded in 10 second increments. Results indicated increases in percentages of positive interactions, student turn‐taking, and of student self‐advocacy in both the AI trained and protocol unit (E) and in the unit using the protocol alone (P) over the comparison unit (C) and over earlier pilot data (P (Pilot)). AI may be an effective consultative and educational process for encouraging some factors that lead to student success in transitioning to college, career, and life beyond graduation from school. 相似文献
18.
随着人工智能的不断发展,云计算面临数据量大、实时性低等问题。为了解决该问题,一种新的计算方式——边缘计算进入了人们的视野。边缘计算推动人工智能走向嵌入式系统,与传统嵌入系统相比,边缘人工智能要复杂得多,传统嵌入式设备计算能力弱、效率低的问题更为突出。基于Xilinx公司Zynq-7000系列的全可编程SOC完成系统设计,实现对视频的边缘检测。测试结果显示,硬件边缘检测速度比纯软件边缘检测速度快10倍,为边缘人工智能在嵌入式应用方面提供了可行方向。 相似文献
19.
[目的]探讨放射状视神经切开术(RON)治疗视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)的手术效果及其并发症.[方法]选择7例视力0.1或以下的CRVO患者,病程1～6个月,手术常规做睫状体平坦部巩膜三切口玻璃体切除术,应用显微玻璃体视网膜(MVR)切开刀,做一个RON,切口在视盘鼻侧边缘,避开损伤鼻侧视网膜血管,刺入深度约为2.2mm.[结果]7例RON手术都很成功,无有任何并发症发生.术后随访6～12个月,患者眼底表现均有好转,术后视力也都有增进.[结论]RON有助于缺血性CRVO患者视网膜内出血、渗出和黄斑水肿的消退,以及视力的改善,似可适当用于选择性治疗此种难治的眼病. 相似文献
20.
人工智能的快速崛起,在人类事务领域引发无法想象的革命的同时,愈益严重的算法歧视现象也引发了人们普遍的担忧与焦虑。AI算法绝不仅仅是一项单纯的技术性问题,其蕴含的政治风险、安全风险与伦理道德风险同样不容忽视。实际上,算法歧视不仅会导致种族歧视、性别歧视等严重社会后果,在一些关键领域或特定情境下,还会侵害公民权利、自由,甚至危害其生命安全。因此,对算法歧视善加治理,才能为算法及其行业的健康发展创造良好的环境。 相似文献