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研究的目的在于运用测功仪模拟赛艇2 000m比赛,以探究赛艇项目比赛过程中的供能特征.10名某省优秀赛艇运动员(男6女4)自愿参加赛艇测功仪6.5min的全力划.运用便携式气体代谢仪(CosMed,K4b2)所测得的摄氧量数据和血乳酸分析仪(Diagnostic C-line,EKF)所测得的血乳酸数据进行能量供应量的计算.结果表明,赛艇项目2 000m三大供能系统的比例分别为6.2％(无氧无乳酸)、10.1％(无氧乳酸)、83.7％(有氧).研究结果与前人研究相似,并进一步明确了有氧供能对于赛艇比赛的重要性.三大供能系统比例的确定为教练员安排训练负荷和评价运动员的运动能力提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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赛艇运动的项目特性及训练指导思想 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9
通过对赛艇运动项目决定成绩的因素,如供能系统、专项素质、生理特性的分析,确定了赛艇运动的特性及规律,并据此特性科学地提出了该项目的训练指导思想. 相似文献
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如何增大赛艇运动员的划桨力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张香花 《武汉体育学院学报》2000,(3)
2 0 0 0 m赛艇项目从基础理论分析 ,居于中等时间的有氧供能为主的运动项目 ,它不仅要求运动员具备较好的有氧工作能力和较好的肌肉克服阻力的能力 ,而具备有单位时间内肌肉克服阻力的能力。单位时间内肌肉克服阻力的能力越强 ,在其它条件不变的情况下 ,划桨力就越大 ,成绩就越好。所以提高赛艇运动员单位时间肌肉克服阻力的能力 ,是解决赛艇运动员划桨力提高的关键因素之一。1 测功仪训练对赛艇运动员划桨力的影响及其训练方法( 1 )测功仪训练对赛艇运动员划桨力的影响 :测功仪训练较荡桨训练、水上训练技术运用环节简单化 ,而且不受平衡… 相似文献
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优秀赛艇运动员赛前调控的方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
韩红升 《体育成人教育学刊》2004,20(5):74-75
借鉴现代运动训练理论，依据赛艇运动的基本特征和赛艇运动训练的基本规律，对赛艇运动员赛前调控训练中影响调控的主要因素、训练时间与内容、训练负荷、手段方法，从理论上进行了分析与探讨。 相似文献
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目的：研究碱性膳食酸碱性对于青少年女子公开级赛艇运动员运动能力的影响。方法：选取20名辽宁省青少年女子公开赛级赛艇运动员为研究对象,随机分为对照和碱性膳食组,进行八周训练,并在训练前后各进行一次2000m测功仪测试。结果：对照组总的完成时间训练前后基本没有变化,碱性膳食组总的完成时间的成绩比训练前稍有提高,但没有显著性差异;500m分段计时成绩两者有较大差异,特别是第三和第四个500m分段计时成绩,碱性膳食组在完成8周训练后,比训练前有了很大的提高,第四个500m分段计时更出现了显著性的提高（p<0.05）,而对照组前后则基本没有变化。结果：碱性膳食对于青少年女子赛艇运动员运动能力有一定的效果,特别是2000m的后程能力有着较大的作用。 相似文献
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赛艇运动是一项以有氧供能为主、强调力量耐力素质的体能主导类项目,专项体能训练在赛艇运动训练实践中占有极为重要的地位。采用文献资料研究,综述优秀赛艇运动员专项体能特征的研究进展,包括身体形态特征、有氧和无氧代谢能力特征、专项运动素质特征以及专项技术对体能的影响等几个方面。同时,通过国内外优秀赛艇运动员某些指标的对比分析,找出我国赛艇运动员专项体能训练中存在的问题,并对今后的研究趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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世界赛艇格局及中国赛艇现状分析与发展对策 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
世界赛艇运动格局正向多极化方向发展，欧洲国家处于赛艇运动的领先地位，未来的发展趋势是各小项争夺激烈，各国普遍实施重点突破的战略，纷纷聘请世界高水平教练等。我国赛艇运动发展较快，但在世界上仍属发展中国家行列。通过与世界水平实力的分析，预测了我国在2004年奥运会上的赛艇参赛项目，认为竞赛体制单一，科研与训练工作结合不好等是我国赛艇运动训练中存在的主要问题，并对我国赛艇今后的发展提出了改革竞赛体制，运动训练以及训练中的科技攻关与服务工作等方面的建议。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献
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影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。 相似文献