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肩袖损伤是导致肩关节疼痛和功能障碍的主要原因之一,其发病的主要因素是运动性创伤或退行性病变。本体感觉神经肌肉促进疗法(PNF)通过刺激本体感受器来恢复肢体运动功能,是神经肌肉系统障碍的有效康复治疗手段。本文采用文献资料法分析了肩袖损伤的病理特点和治疗方法,研究PNF对于神经肌肉运动功能恢复的作用,重点阐述PNF应用于肩袖损伤治疗的可行性。 相似文献
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在柔韧性训练中运用PNF技术的实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
＂PNF＂是本体感觉器神经肌肉同步作用的缩写,这是一项在肌肉伸展前先收缩的技术。文章运用文献法、问卷调查法、实验对比及统计等研究方法对＂PNF＂技术在柔韧性训练中的作用进行应用研究。通过对照性实验研究认为有意识、有目的地在柔韧性训练中运用PNF技术,可以丰富和改善目前较单一的柔韧性训练方法,减少运动损伤,为身体素质训练提供一种简单易行的辅助训练方法。 相似文献
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3.本体感受神经肌肉促进法(即PNF牵张法,proprioceptive neuromuscularfacilitation)PNF牵张法最早是理疗师用来治疗各种神经肌肉麻痹疾病的。近几年才将PNF牵张法用于发展运动员的柔韧性,此外,PNF牵张法也是预防延迟性肌肉酸痛、保持肌肉弹性、辅助发展肌肉爆发力的有效方法。(1)PNF牵张法的生理学基础体内的每块肌肉都包含机械刺激感受器,当机械刺激感受器受到刺激时,就会将信息传入中枢神经系统。在牵拉练习时,以下两种感受器十分重要:一种是肌梭,另一种是腱索。当肌肉受到牵拉时,肌梭也受到牵拉冲动就会传入脊髓,然后冲动再由脊髓… 相似文献
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PNF法（Proprioceptiue Neurornuscular Facilitation）译为本体感觉神经肌肉促进法，最早用于临床医疗康复、偏瘫等病症的治疗，也称为促通疗法，属于康复方法的一部分。人体肌肉和肌腱中，有感知肌肉伸缩的器官，为固有感受性感受器，可以向运动神经中枢传递信号，通过反复刺激该器官，能改善运动神经的功能、促进神经发育，对改善神经性功能障碍肌肉的功能有较好的治疗效果，医学上常用于促进瘫侧肢体运动功能恢复。 相似文献
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随着医疗水平和康复技术的发展,经过正规的医疗及康复治疗后,大部分脑卒中患者可恢复步行功能,但仍有至少1/5的患者会遗留足下垂、内翻等踝关节功能障碍,影响步行能力进一步改善.并且患者回归家庭后,因为缺乏专业的康复治疗,踝关节功能障碍往往进一步加重.所以采用何种手段能延续患者回归家庭后的有效治疗就显得尤为重要了.本文旨在对脑卒中后踝关节功能障碍特点、机理、评价指标和治疗进展进行综述;并对居家康复现状做一简单总结;同时对动态电刺激原理进行分析,判断是否可用于脑卒中后踝关节功能障碍的居家康复治疗.为脑卒中后踝关节功能障碍的居家康复提供一种新的手段. 相似文献
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呼吸训练(respiratory training)是一种新兴的训练手段,最初来源于康复治疗领域,属于人体脊柱的解剖学和生理学范畴,在20世纪90年代初期,欧美的一些康复治疗专家发现呼吸训练对维持人体躯干肌群力量和身体平衡稳定等方面具有较大的影响,便把有关呼吸肌群训练的康复治疗的手段逐渐推广到了体育运动领域。随着身体功能性训练的不断发展,如今核心训练作为身体功能性训练的重要组成部分也被诸多学者所追捧,然而作为核心训练的关键环节呼吸训练却少有学者研究。近年来,随着神经肌肉系统训练、本体感受性训练以及运动链理论的提出,许多人发现呼吸训练与核心力量训练之间具有很强关联性,在进行核心训练同时配合相应呼吸训练,运动员的身体姿势、脊柱的稳定及运动能力也会大大增强。通过概述呼吸训练的相关理论和研究进展,为丰富身体功能训练理论及运动训练学研究提供新的思路与参考。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献