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1.
基于技术效率的视角对FDI溢出效应、环境规制与双环节R&D创新的关系进行了实证研究.研究发现:FDI与中国工业R&D转换效率呈显著“U型”曲线关系,而与R&D转化效率呈显著“倒U型”曲线关系,从而支持了FDI的“双刃剑论”;FDI对工业双环节R&D创新活动的溢出效应受碳排放强度、R&D强度的影响,且表现出较大的差异;环境规制对双环节R&D创新活动有显著的正效应,“波特假说”成立,预示着我国环境规制政策与工业技术创新实现了“双赢”.据此提出,应注重FDI利用的阶段化差异,有效选择与合理引导FDI进入,加强政府环境规制,如采用环境税、排放权交易、绿色消费等环境规制手段的政策建议. 相似文献
2.
环境规制、政府R&D投入是制约农业发展的两大难题，度量二者对农业科技创新效率的影响，对研究现代农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本文采用2004-2015年我国30个省、市、区的面板数据，使用超对数SFA模型，测算出30个省级的农业科技创新效率，再采用门槛面板数据模型，研究环境规制和政府R&D投入对我国农业科技创新效率的影响，及对二者最优强度区间进行分析。研究表明：在农业科技创新过程中，环境规制和政府R&D投入对农业科技创新效率提升具有正向影响，且二者对农业科技创新效率存在显著的门槛性。当环境规制强度低于门槛值0.617时，环境规制对农业科技创新具有显著的正向影响，影响系数0.798；当政府R&D投入强度高于门槛值0.109时，影响系数为0.194，政府R&D投入对创新效率促进作用持续增强。只有当环境规制和政府R&D投入处于合理区间时，环境规制政策才能引致政府R&D投入，具有“激励效应”，进而影响农业科技创新行为，产生创新补偿效应，实现农业科技创新效率的提升，促进农业经济的可持续发展。 相似文献
3.
在考虑到非期望产出的情况下,运用SBM模型测算了2009~2013年中国35个工业行业的创新效率,并利用Tobit模型分析环境规制下政府投入对创新效率的影响。研究表明:目前中国工业行业的创新效率仍有较大提升空间,污染行业的创新效率远低于清洁行业。政府投入对环境规制下的创新效率存在一定的促进作用,增加研发前的政府投入能够显著地促进环境规制下的创新效率,研发后政府投入的作用较小;污染行业政府投入的促进作用较为显著。由此可见,在环境规制强度日益趋严的背景下,采取政府主导的技术创新是可行之路。 相似文献
4.
本文基于价值链的视角,分析了2004-2010年中国工业全要素R&D双环节效率变动的时序特征、动力源泉及行业差异.研究表明:2004-2010年中国工业全要素R&D双环节效率均呈现技术效率推动与技术进步抑制的增长模式;转换环节的R&D创新活动呈现显著的规模不经济特征,而转化环节的R&D创新活动表现为明显的规模经济特征;细分行业全要素R&D双环节效率增长存在显著的“背离”特征.进一步考察了碳排放强度对中国工业全要素R&D双环节效率的影响,发现碳排放强度对R&D双环节创新活动影响显著且存在较大差异;最后指出了提升中国工业全要素R&D双环节效率水平的政策建议. 相似文献
5.
本文采用超越对数型随机前沿模型,就环境规制等因素对清洁生产型产业2004—2010年技术创新效率的影响进行了经验分析。研究结果显示,环境规制对清洁生产型产业技术创新效率有着显著的促进作用,但这种影响存在明显的行业异质性;二者之间呈现倒"U型"关系,说明环境规制对清洁生产型产业技术创新效率提升有"度"的限制。与整个工业相比,环境规制对清洁生产型产业技术创新效率的驱动效应更大。倒U型曲线具有更高的拐点,表明在不损害技术创新能力的前提下,政府对清洁生产型产业实施严厉的环境规制政策具有更广阔的空间。 相似文献
6.
围绕中国是否存在“污染避难所”效应,学者们展开了激烈的讨论,但尚未形成一致性的研究结论。基于2005-2010年中国37个工业行业的面板数据,对环境规制是否会影响FDI流入进行了实证检验。主要结论有：一是环境规制对工业行业引进外资具有一定的负向效应,且在考虑企业规模、市场化水平、行业利润等其他因素时,这种效应更为明显,即“污染避难所”假说在我国工业行业层面得到了验证;二是环境规制对FDI的影响具有显著的行业异质性,在技术密集度较低、环境污染程度较高、R&D强度较低、垄断水平较低的行业,环境规制对FDI的抑制作用会更加显著。 相似文献
7.
技术创新是协调环境规制与工业行业的产业绩效这对矛盾体的有效途径,学术界对环境规制与工业技术创新之间关系的观点存在分歧,需要在理论和经验上进一步证实。本文建立了环境规制与工业技术创新关系的理论模型,并采用2003-2012年间我国35个工业行业的面板数据,考虑异质性行业的环境治理动机差异,实证检验了环境规制对工业技术创新的影响。研究表明:环境规制对工业技术创新的影响趋势呈现"U"型曲线特征,即弱环境规制不利于工业技术创新,而当环境规制强度达到"U"型曲线拐点以后,环境规制会促进工业行业的技术创新。污染密集行业比清洁行业的"U"型拐点出现更晚,污染密集行业的技术创新对环境规制的反应更慢,目前两类行业的环境规制强度都处在曲线拐点的左侧。因此,我国应提高环境规制强度达到一个合理的区间,同时对于不同类型的工业行业采取差异化的环境规制政策,从而有效推动我国工业技术创新能力的提升。 相似文献
8.
基于行业异质性视角,选取我国36个工业行业2003—2011年的面板数据,考虑科研产出和成果转化两种绩效,比较分析了环境规制强度分别对污染密集型行业和清洁生产型行业R&D效率的影响.实证结果显示：环境规制强度对我国工业行业R&D效率的影响呈显著正相关关系,且其主要源自对污染密集型行业的规制作用.政府应该以工业行业分类为前提基础,重点对污染密集型行业投放趋严的环境规制政策. 相似文献
9.
环境规制对企业技术创新影响的实证研究——以中国30个省份大中型工业企业为例 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用中国30个省市(不包括西藏)大中型工业企业1996~2004年的面板数据,实证分析了环境规制对于企业技术创新的影响。实证结果显示,环境规制对滞后1或2期的R&D投入强度、专利授权数量以及新产品销售收入比重有显著的正效应,环境规制强度每提高1%,三者分别增加0.12%、0.30%和0.22%。表明环境规制在中长期对中国企业技术创新有一定的促进作用,"波特假说"在一定程度上得到了证实。 相似文献
10.
从理论上分析了环境规制对于企业创新的"遵循成本"效应和"创新补偿"效应,在这两种效应的共同作用下,环境规制对于创新的影响依赖于环境规制本身的累积程度,会表现出非线性的U型关系,并运用中国工业企业数据进行实证检验。研究表明:环境规制与企业产品创新呈现U型关系,对于大多数企业而言,中国现阶段环境规制强度还未达到U型曲线的拐点,仍处于U型曲线的下降阶段。此外,依据企业污染程度分行业来看,重度污染行业U型曲线的拐点位于轻度污染行业的右侧,即重度污染的企业需要更高的环境规制强度才能达到U型曲线的拐点,实现环境规制促进企业进行产品创新。因此,应当用发展的眼光看待环境规制与创新的关系,加强环境规制强度,并且在制定环境政策时对不同行业企业实施差别政策,使环境规制成为推动企业创新的动力,实现经济增长与环境保护的双赢。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
14.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
16.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
17.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
18.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献