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1.
祁连山草地植被NDVI变化及其对气温降水的旬响应特征 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
本文利用SPOT VGT-NDVI数据和旬气温、降水数据,分析了祁连山草地植被NDVI时空变化趋势及其
对气温、降水的旬响应特征。结果表明：①1999年-2007年祁连山草地植被NDVI呈缓慢增加趋势。典型草原和平
原草地植被年均NDVI和生长季NDVI增加速率高于高寒草甸草地和沙漠草地。祁连山草地植被NDVI增加和减少
的面积分别为6 9776km2和1 5928km2,植被NDVI增加的区域分布在冷龙岭、拉脊山、大通山、达坂山、青海南山、走
廊南山、托来山、托来南山等地区,减少的区域分布在乌鞘岭、大通河、石羊河、黑河、北大河、疏勒河等河流河谷以
及青海湖周边地区;②祁连山草地植被NDVI年内月和旬变化曲线均呈单峰型;③祁连山地区气温变化对草地植被
NDVI的影响强于降水,气温、降水与草地植被NDVI的最大相关性滞后期都为2旬左右。春季和秋季NDVI对气温
和降水响应的滞后期较短,而夏季响应滞后期较长;④气温是影响典型草原生长的主要因素,夏季降水是影响植被
生长期内植被生长的重要因子。温度是高寒草甸草地生长的限制因子,而降水量则是沙漠草地、平原草地的生长
限制因子。 相似文献
2.
南方丘陵山地带NDVI时空变化及其驱动因子分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文利用MODIS归一化植被指数(Normailized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)数据对南方丘陵山地带2000-2010年间植被覆盖的年际动态、季相变化和空间差异进行研究,并结合气象因子和土地利用/覆被数据分析植被覆盖变化的原因。研究表明:南方丘陵山地带植被NDVI值较高,属高植被覆盖区。2000-2010年间植被NDVI整体呈上升趋势,但并不显著(p=0.45)。从不同植被类型的季相变化来看,草地的变化幅度最大,其次为灌丛,森林植被变化幅度最小,生长峰值主要出现在8、9月份。植被覆盖变化存在显著的空间差异,封山育林、退耕还林还草生态恢复区和石漠化综合治理区的植被覆盖度显著提高,城镇化迅速发展区植被明显退化。植被覆盖变化是气候和人类活动共同作用的结果。植被覆盖年际变化与气候因子年际变化的相关系数区域分异比较明显。降水量对植被覆盖的影响主要表现在对植被生长年内变动的控制,大部分植被生长对降水存在1个月滞后现象。农业生产的提高、城市化进程的加速及生态建设的重视等人类活动是影响植被覆盖变化空间差异的另一重要因素。 相似文献
3.
伊犁河谷是中国草地生态系统最活跃的地区之一,准确评估其碳库对当地草地的可持续利用有重要的指导意义。本文采用InVEST 模型碳存储模块,基于实测数据评估1980s、2000s、2010s三个不同时期伊犁河谷6种草地类型的四大碳库的碳存储。结果表明：①伊犁河谷草地的碳存储呈先增加后降低的趋势,1980s、2000s、2010s的草地碳存储总量分别为32.61TgC、39.67TgC、25.92TgC,草地平均碳密度为9.76tC/hm2、12.26tC/hm2、8.45tC/hm2;②草地碳密度以地下和土壤碳密度为主,两者之和为（7.49~10.35）tC/hm2,占草地碳密度的84%~89%;③不同类型草地碳储量差异显著,以典型草甸和典型草原的碳储量为高,荒漠草原最低;④植被类型、气候、土地利用变化、放牧活动等对不同草地碳库产生影响。 相似文献
4.
1970 年代以来锡林郭勒盟草地资源空间分布格局的变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在多期遥感影像与GIS的支持下,构建了内蒙古锡林郭勒盟1975年-2009年的草地现状和动态变化时空数据集,进而开展了锡林郭勒盟草地资源空间分布格局、时空变化及其驱动机制的研究。研究表明：①草地是锡林郭勒盟的主导生态系统,总面积约17.6万km2,占全区国土面积的86%;在空间分布上,自东向西,草地覆盖度逐渐降低,草地类型依次为温性草甸草原、温性草原、温性荒漠草原;②锡林郭勒盟草地生态系统动态演变的基本特征为：以2000年为界,2000年之前,草地生态系统面积持续减少;2000年之后,草地生态系统的面积减少态势得到遏制和逆转,草地资源面积开始增加;③该区草地资源时空变化受到气候变化、人类土地利用活动以及生态保护和建设工程的影响：区域气候变化是本区生态系统变化的基本驱动力,人类不合理的土地利用活动对于草地退化起了推动和促进作用,而生态保护和建设工程的介入则缓解、遏制和逆转了本区长期以来的草地退化态势。 相似文献
5.
黄土高原地区植被生长改善情况已被广泛证实,评价县域季节尺度的植被覆盖变化及影响因素有助于针对性识别植被改善时空效果。本文基于2000-2012年MODIS NDVI数据和Sen+Mann-Kendall模型,对陕西省长武县季相植被覆盖变化趋势的影响因素进行分析,研究结果显示:①2000-2012年长武县的NDVI值呈波动上升趋势,增速为0.064/10a,其中2000-2004年增加最为明显;②长武县植被覆盖总体增加,呈减少趋势区域主要分布在城镇化和工业化快速发展的县城周边;平缓波动趋势区域在空间分布上较集中于北部耕地;③2000-2012年间长武县夏季植被改善情况最为显著;秋季植被改善状况次之;春季改善状况较夏秋弱,北部区域植被覆盖减少像元数增多;④气温和降水的变化促进了植被改善,其中在年际尺度降水为主要影响因素;在季相尺度春季降雨对植被生长具有最显著作用;月际尺度降水的改变对植被生长的影响较小,而气温因素对植被生长的影响较大。不仅退耕还林工程对长武县植被改善有积极影响,农用地撂荒对植被恢复的作用也值得考量。 相似文献
6.
中亚地区1982年至2002年植被指数与气温和降水的相关性分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
本文利用1982年～2002年间AVHRR-NDVI数据和气候研究组(CRU)降水与气温数据,分析了中亚5国21年来NDVI年际与季节变化特征及其与气候因子的相关关系.结果表明:①在植被生长季,53%地区NDVI年变化率＜±0.0005NDVI/a(无变化),40%地区NDVI年变化率＞0.0005 NDVI/a(增加),6%地区NDVI年变化率＜-0.0005 NDVI/a(下降):按照植被覆盖类型,除常绿林、高山草甸年均NDVI呈一定的上升趋势,变化率分别为0.0014 NDVI/a(P0.05=0.001),0.0009 NDVI/a(P0.05=0.001),落叶林、草原、作物、草原化荒漠NDVI没有显著变化(P0.05＞0.05);②年均NDVI与降水、温度相关性分析结果表明,49.00%的地区年均NDVI与年降水量呈正相关,52.33%的地区NDVI与春季降水量正相关,33.69%的地区NDVI与夏季降水量正相关,70.00%的地区年均NDVI与各季气温弱相关,仅17.78%的地区年均NDVI与年均气温正相关;6种植被类型NDVI与降水、气温相关关系为,常绿林、高山草甸年均NDVI与年均气温分别低度、显著正相关性,相关系数分别为0.432(P0.05=0.05)、0.557(P0.05=0.009);草原、作物与年降水量分别显著、低度正相关,相关系数分别为0.5111(P0.05=0.018)、0,476(P0.05=0.029);落叶林NDVI与夏、冬季降水量低度正相关,相关系教分别为0.415(P0.05=0.061)、0.461(P0.05=0.035);草原化荒漠NDVI与春季降水量正相关但不显著,相关系数为0.415(P0.05=0.061). 相似文献
7.
黄河源区植被覆盖度对气温和降水的响应研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文基于1982-2006年NOAA/AVHRR NDVI和2000-2012年MODIS NDVI两种遥感植被数据以及同期站点的月平均气温和降水资料,通过对重叠观测时期的数据建立映射关系,对NOAA/AVHRR NDVI数据延长插补,分析黄河源区1982-2012年植被的时空变化特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明,黄河源区植被覆盖度呈由东南向西北递减的分布格局;海拔在3 000m以下和4 500m以上地区植被覆盖度相对较差,3 000~4 500m地区植被覆盖度相对较好;植被覆盖度在时间变化上呈增加趋势,但在2000年出现突变点,2000年之后增加速率约为之前的2倍;植被覆盖在整体增加的背景下,也存在零星的退化现象,而在西部高海拔和北部较干旱的低植被覆盖度区域植被覆盖的增加仍存在着较大的年际波动,并不稳定;相对于降水,研究区的植被覆盖对气温变化的响应更为敏感,属于热量限制型生态区。 相似文献
8.
乌审旗植被覆盖度动态变化及其与降水量的关系 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
利用GIMMS（Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies）数据集的8km的AVHRR NDVI（均一化植被指数）数据，分别用年最大NDVI的平均值和年最大NDVI的斜率对1981年～2003年23年间的内蒙古乌审旗植被覆盖度的空间分布及其动态变化进行了分析，并通过比较降水量与年最大NDVI的年际变化以及分析降水量与年最大NDVI之间的相关系数研究了降水对乌审旗植被覆盖的影响；利用1986年，1994年的TM和2002年的ETM+数据分析了乌审旗植被的主要变化类型。结果表明，这23年间植被覆盖度和降水量的年际变化趋势基本一致，年最大NDVI与前一年8月至当年7月的降水有最好的相关性，并且在地表覆盖为草地和灌木林地的地区，二者的相关性要高于地表覆盖为耕地和乔木林地的地区；植被覆盖度最低值分布在地表主要覆盖为沙地的乌审旗西北部，植被覆盖度最高值分布在地表覆盖为耕地的东南部；人类活动的积极影响使得植被覆盖度总的趋势是在增加的，但由于气候的干旱趋势使中部一些乡镇的植被覆盖度是在减少的，其余的地区都是在增大的，且变率很大。 相似文献
9.
基于遥感的南四湖湿地干旱响应特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据多年的气象资料和PDSI(Palmer Drought Severity Index)指数数据以及干旱年份(2002年)的水文资料,分析了南四湖区域气候变化的特征和干旱背景,并利用干旱年份的5景Landsat卫星遥感数据,计算了研究区的归一化植被指数(NDVI)和修正的归一化水体指数(MNDWI),并作为湿地对干旱响应的特征指标,研究了2002年南四湖湿地干旱特征,揭示了湿地对于极端干旱事件的响应特征,着重分析了干旱对湖泊湿地植被的影响,并讨论了极端干旱对于湖泊湿地生态系统和景观格局变化的影响。得到以下结论:①近60多年来南四湖湿地增温趋势明显(R2=0.21,P=0.0002),干旱趋势不显著。2002年是南四湖湿地自1951年以来降水最少年份,也是严重干旱年份(PDSI-3);②干旱导致湿地水面持续减小,湿地植被NDVI和植被面积存在先升高后降低特征。在受到轻微干旱时,湿地植被NDVI略有增加;当发生中度和严重干旱时,湿地植被NDVI急剧下降,且小于多年平均值;③从空间格局看,2002年10月份南四湖中的南阳湖、独山湖和昭阳湖干涸见底。湿地干旱初期,随着水位下降植被向湖心扩展,湿地NDVI上升;而后随着湖盆出露和干旱加剧,植被开始由湖周边向湖心不断死亡,NDVI下降;④极端干旱事件对湿地生态系统和景观格局有显著影响。因此,进行景观格局年际变化分析时需要格外重视干旱等极端气候事件短时间内对湿地景观格局的影响。 相似文献
10.
基于3S技术和地面植被监测对锡林郭勒盟草原植被生长状态进行天地一体化研究。结果表明:2016年8月、2017年8月锡林郭勒盟的NDVI与植被覆盖度直接均表现显著地正相关关系,NDVI值越大,植被覆盖度越高,说明该区域的植被越茂盛;较2016年8月的相比,2017年8月的NDVI草地植被覆盖度增加的面积占总面积的65.54%,主要集中在研究区的东部和北部;植被盖度减少的面积占总面积的34.46%,主要集中在研究区的南部。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
13.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
15.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
16.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
17.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献