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1.
内蒙古工业化过程中的能源消耗与SO2排放 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1987年-2005年有关统计数据,分析了内蒙古工业化过程中的能源消耗和废气排放。结果发现,从2000年开始内蒙古工业进入加速发展阶段,工业的能源消耗和废气排放总量呈指数增长。本文从节能减排双调控目标出发,依据万元产值能源消耗和SO2排放强度,将内蒙古27个工业部门划分为3种类型,并对2000年～2005年3类工业的能源消耗和SO2排放进行了统计表分析,结果显示：高能耗-高污染行业生产总产值占59、3％～65．7％,消耗的能源占92．0％～96．3％,排放的SO2占85．0％～97．4％,是引起能源消耗和废气排放急速上涨的元凶;中耗能-中污染工业生产总值占11．3％～7．4％,能源消耗占7．1％～4．3％,SO2排放量占3.4％～11．5％;低能耗-低污染工业生产总产值占23.4％-27．7％,能源消耗不到0．8％,SO2排放量低于3.7％,是能源节约和环境友好型产业。本项研究为通过结构调整实现节能减排目标提供了科学依据。 相似文献
2.
基于生态效率的资源环境绩效动态评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提高资源环境绩效是我国生态恢复与重建的核心和关键。本文从生态效率角度,利用改进的资源环境绩效指数（REPI）对江西省2000年-2008年资源环境强度与绩效进行了系统分析。结果表明：①江西省在经济增长快速推进的同时,能源消耗也基本上保持同步增长,水资源消耗增长比较缓慢;COD和SO2的排放量下降趋势也基本相同,但其历年排放总量明显高于全国平均水平;②在资源环境强度下降的同时,江西省能源消耗强度略低于全国平均水平,但用水强度和建设用地强度均明显高于全国平均水平;工业固体废弃物排放强度明显低于全国平均水平,COD和SO2的排放强度则高于全国平均水平;③江西仍然为我国资源环境绩效水平较为落后的地区之一,其综合绩效指数有相对下降趋势;④江西省资源环境绩效指数从大到小排名,2000年是：工业固体废弃物排放绩效>SO2排放绩效>能源绩效>建设用地绩效>COD排放绩效>用水绩效;到2008年则是：工业固体废弃物排放绩效>能源绩效> SO2排放绩效>建设用地绩效>COD排放绩效>用水绩效。最后,本文就提高江西资源环境综合绩效,建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,提升江西在我国中部地区的综合竞争力进行了讨论。 相似文献
3.
CO2减排是绿色发展当然要求。走“绿色发展”是经济与环境友好的必由之路。本文首先探讨长三角的江苏、浙江和上海CO2排放与经济增长的环境库兹涅茨曲线,发现上海人均CO2和人均GDP、江苏CO2和人均GDP、浙江CO2和GDP存在“∩”型的EKC,根据各自因变量时间序列拟合生长模型,经测算,2012年上海即已出现拐点,2014年浙江出现拐点,江苏于2016年出现拐点。在LMDI分解模型中引入碳源因子,将CO2排放的驱动因素分为排放结构因子、碳源因子、强度因子、社会富裕因子和人口因子,使用三期移动平均法调整原始数据后进行效应计算,得到社会富裕因子是长三角CO2排放增加的最主要助推器,人口因子次之。强度因子是长三角CO2排放的最大抑制性因子,碳源因子是长三角CO2排放的次要抑制性因子。排放结构因子对CO2排放增量作用有限的结论,最后提出使用多元结构能源,调整能源消费方向,鼓励消费低CO2排放能源,加重高CO2排放能源使用成本,重视节能减排教育和宣传,减缓社会财富、人口因子等发展权引致的CO2必要性排放等建议,可作为经济发达地区把握CO2排放现状、制定践行国家和区域CO2减排政策等参考。 相似文献
4.
中国地区碳排放强度差异成因研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
中国地区碳排放强度的较大差异,将增加CO2减排目标实现的难度。本文通过将化石能源细分为17种估算了1997-2010年中国各省的CO2排放强度,从省际、东中西部和八大经济区域3个视角,运用Shapley值分解方法实证研究了中国地区CO2排放强度差异的成因。分解结果显示,经济发展水平、城市化水平和能源结构可以解释70%左右的地区CO2排放强度差异。其中各地区间经济发展水平不均衡是形成地区CO2排放强度差异的主要原因,省际、东中西部和八大经济区域视角的平均贡献率依次为30.78%、28.54%和26.23%;城市化水平和能源结构是地区CO2排放强度差异的第二大贡献因素,其平均贡献率依次为21.40%与20.93%、24.92%与21.07%、22.43%与21.08%。产业结构、对外开放水平对地区CO2排放强度差异也具有重要影响,二者平均贡献率之和接近30%。 相似文献
5.
中国正在进入城市化加速发展时期,快速城市化进程和工业化进程加剧了能源短缺和环境污染,寻找替代的清洁能源和可再生能源是改善我国城市以煤为主的能源结构,推动城镇化健康发展的重要途径。中国又是世界上风能资源最丰富的国家,这为改变我国能源短缺和环境污染严重的局面提供了技术和经济上的可能性。本文通过分析在快速城市化背景下我国风能资源与风电基地建设的空间布局格局,提出了我国风能资源开发与风电基地布局的“入”字型空间模式,采用GIS技术选择出与大规模非并网风电紧密相关的七大无碳型高耗能产业基地;提出了由“七点两轴”组成的我国大规模风电开发的点轴空间模式,即集中建设东部沿海风电产业带和三北沿线风电产业带,重点建设东北基地、环渤海基地、长江三角洲基地、珠江三角洲基地、内蒙古东部基地、酒泉基地和北疆基地七大综合型高耗能无碳产业基地。在此基础上,提出了综合型高耗能无碳产业基地重点发展电解铝工业、氯碱化工产业和海水淡化制氢产业的设想,提出了高耗能无碳产业基地建设目标及节能减排目标,规划到2020年,我国风电装机容量将达到10 021×104kW,占全国同期发电装机容量(按照12×108kW计算)的8.35%,占全球风电总装机容量的8.15%。其中非并网风电装机容量3 100×104kW,占风电装机容量的30.93%。七大风电基地的装机容量将占全国风电装机容量的91.7%,占全国风力发电量的96.53%,占全国非并网风电装机容量的8581%。到2020年我国风力发电量达到2 104×108kWh后可节约原煤11 153×104t,可减排CO2 21 044×104t,SO2 168×104t,NOx 105×104t,粉尘1 052×104t。该研究为科学引导我国高耗能产业基地与大规模风电基地耦合布局,为进一步加快我国城市化进程,实现节能减排目标,促进城市化健康发展提供科学依据。 相似文献
6.
中国大规模非并网风电与无碳型高耗能氯碱化工产业基地布局研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着能源危机、环境问题的日益严重和政府对可再生能源的不断重视,中国风能资源开发和风电产业发展进入快速发展阶段,风电逐步由补充能源向替代能源转化。氯碱化工产业是高耗能行业,目前面临着能源短缺的发展瓶颈,将大规模非并网风电产业和高耗能氯碱化工产业进行链合布局,构建“风电-烧碱-化纤、造纸”、“风电-氯产品-PVC”产业链,建设无碳型高耗能氯碱化工产业基地,对于风能资源的综合开发利用和氯碱化工产业的可持续发展具有重要的意义。本文利用2006年我国社会经济、风电产业发展数据,确定我国大规模非并网风电产业基地空间布局概率图谱,并与2020年我国氯碱产业空间布局进行叠加,对2020年我国基于大型非并网风电场建设的无碳型高耗能氯碱产业空间布局框架进行了研究。研究认为：未来我国非并网风电产业和高耗能氯碱化工产业的联动发展具有较大的潜力,基于大型非并网风电场建设布局,到2020年我国将形成江苏、山东、浙江、辽宁、新疆、内蒙古、山西、宁夏和青海九大无碳型高耗能氯碱化工产业基地。这些无碳型高耗能氯碱化工产业基地的建设,每年将发电1 713.94×108kWh,节约2 149.84×104t原煤,减少因燃煤而排放的粉尘202.82×104t,CO2约4 056.31×104t,氮氧化物约20.28×104t,SO2约32.45×104t,实现很好的经济效益和节能减排带来的环境效益。 相似文献
7.
中国稻田温室气体的排放与减排 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国是世界上最大的水稻生产国, 水稻种植面积占全球总种植面积的30%。水稻生产在粮食安全方面起着重要的作用, 稻田却是温室气体甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)的重要排放源。文章综述了稻田CH4和N2O的产生过程、影响因素及时空变异规律, 总结了近年来我国稻田CH4和N2O排放总量的估算结果, 并提出了针对性的温室气体减排措施。 相似文献
8.
运用模糊聚类方法并使用总资产、利润总额、能源消耗量和污染物排放量指标对我国39个工业行业进行分类,依据能源消耗和污染物排放特征确定规模特殊行业和效率特殊行业,探究2007年重要减排政策对特殊行业减排成效的影响。主要结论为:能源消耗和污染物排放规模的重工业化趋势减弱,但电力行业始终具有特殊性;2008年起,轻工业行业在能源消耗和污染物处理效率方面的缺陷得到弥补,两类特殊行业证明了工业能源投入与污染产出特征随时间发生变化。同时,减排政策对高污染行业控制成效优于高耗能行业,促进了特殊行业能源消耗和污染物处理效率的整体优化,但需进一步强化轻工业减排政策。最后,提出我国工业减排的政策启示。 相似文献
9.
江苏省节能减排影响因素及其效应比较 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
文章以江苏省为考察对象,研究了经济增长、产业结构变动、能源技术进步和能源消费结构等因素对能源消费的CO2排放的影响,采用Laspeyres指数完全分解技术对江苏省6部门终端能源消费及其CO2排放的变动情况进行分解。结果显示:①经济增长的规模效应是能源消费及CO2排放逐年增长的主要原因,占68.92%;②产业结构变动的节能减排作用相对较小,且呈阶段性变化的特征,1995年-2002年间,产业结构调整起到了节能减排的作用,而其后起反向作用,其根源在于高耗能产业投资效应与前期能源投入的提前透支及其滞后影响;③高能源依赖的产业结构对能源消费与CO2排放起到推动作用,产业结构的节能减排效应弱化;④技术进步与能源消费结构的优化调整对节能减排起到了主导作用,节能减排贡献度分别达到了-15.1%、-12.3%,其中高耗能工业部门结构比重与能源效率的微弱变动都对整体节能减排产生很大的影响;⑤在产业结构调整、能源技术进步、能源结构优化和投资结构控制等方面提出相应的建议。 相似文献
10.
2002—2020年,全球野火每年约排放73.2亿吨二氧化碳（CO2）,为化石燃料排放CO2的18.5%;其中,林火碳排放约占野火碳排放20%左右（15亿吨CO2）。近年来,随着气候变化和人类活动加剧,林火释放的CO2呈增加趋势。例如,2023年5月以来的加拿大林火,截至8月29日已累计排放12.68亿吨CO2。我国在实现森林面积和蓄积量“双增长”的背景下,自2010年以来林火发生次数和面积显著减小,为减少林火碳排放、应对全球气候变化作出了重要贡献。鉴于林火已成为不可忽视的温室气体排放源,需要建立全面、客观、公正的碳排放监测与计量系统,兼顾人类活动（如化石燃料排放、工业排放）和自然林火碳排放;特别是通过采取减少林火发生频率、降低火灾强度等有效手段,降低林火碳排放。针对极端林火预测和防控的世界性难题,急需构建林火风险识别、预警-预测和防控技术体系,并加强林火过程碳排放研究,建立更加科学、全面、自主可控的碳核算体系。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
16.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
17.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献