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1.
2001-2010 年东北三省植被净初级生产力模拟与时空变化分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文基于改进的CASA光能利用率模型,利用遥感数据、气象数据、土地覆盖类型数据作为模型输入参数,估算了中国东北三省2001-2010年的植被净初级生产力(NPP),并利用MOD17A3 NPP产品与本文估算NPP进行了精度对比分析。结果表明,东北三省10a平均的植被NPP为304.643g C/(m2·a)。不同土地覆盖类型NPP差异明显,阔叶林>混交林>针叶林>农田>灌木>草地>城镇>未利用地>水体。年NPP在2001-2005年间出现了上下波动的趋势,且不同土地覆盖类型NPP的时空变化趋势不同,森林覆盖区域具有明显的逐年下降趋势(-1.217g C/(m2·a)),未利用地则具有明显的逐年上升趋势(2.35g C/(m2·a))。通过对3个气象因子(降水、辐射量、温度)、3个模型参数因子(APAR累积量、光能利用率ε、NDVI累积量)与NPP的相关性分析可知,APAR累积量与NPP的相关性最大,研究区平均相关系数达到了0.703,温度与NPP的相关系数最小,研究区平均相关系数为0.011。 相似文献
2.
植被NPP变化及其对气候的响应——以俄罗斯布里亚特共和国地区为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以遥感影像数据和地表气象观测数据为基础,运用改进后的CASA模型对2000年-2008年俄罗斯布里亚特共和国地区的植被NPP进行估算,并验证了模型的精度以及分析了植被NPP的变化规律及其与气候因子的相互关系。研究结果表明:改进后的CASA模型可以运用于布里亚特共和国地区植被NPP的估算,其模拟精度较高;布里亚特共和国地区植被NPP在2000年-2008年期间,总体为波动中呈现上升趋势,年际变化率为0.39gC/(m2·a)。植被NPP的月份变化为4月-7月份为快速增长期,7月份到达峰值,8月-10月份为急骤下降期,11月-次年3月为植被NPP积累停止期,月增长率为9.93gC/(m2·month);主要气候因子温度、降水量、太阳辐射和土壤含水量的年际变化中,只有太阳辐射呈下降趋势,其余均呈现上升趋势;植被NPP与气候因子的相关性在年际水平上表现并不特别明显,却在月份水平上相当明显;积温和降水是该地区植被NPP的主要限制因子。 相似文献
3.
井冈山国家级自然保护区在中亚热带天然常绿阔叶林生态系统碳循环研究中具有重要的科学价值。本文使用250 m分辨率MODIS NDVI遥感数据和中国气象站点数据驱动CASA模型,模拟了井冈山2000-2016年植被净初级生产力(NPP)动态变化,并分析了NPP与气候因子之间的关系。结果表明,井冈山地区植被NPP主要集中在420～480 g C·m~(-2)·a~(-1)(面积占比90. 91%);在2000-2016年间呈波动中下降的变化趋势,下降速率为4. 83g C·m~(-2)·a~(-1)。井冈山地区植被NPP极显著减少(占比11. 33%)和显著减少(占比23. 00%)的区域主要分布在中南部。月尺度和年尺度的NPP变化曲线与气温和太阳总辐射变化较为吻合,与降水的吻合性稍差。年NPP与太阳总辐射之间显著相关;月NPP与降水、气温和太阳总辐射之间均为显著相关,但与降水之间的相关性弱于与气温和太阳总辐射的相关性。 相似文献
4.
基于多种回归分析方法的西北干旱区植被NPP遥感反演研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《资源科学》2017,(3)
植被净初级生产力(Net Primary Productivity,NPP)是评价陆地生态系统的重要参数,植被NPP的反演为全球碳循环的研究提供了重要的参考依据。本文基于2000-2014年的MODIS及气象站点数据,引入逐步线性回归、主成分回归、偏最小二乘回归以及岭回归分析,构建了多元逐步回归模型、主成分回归模型、偏最小二乘回归模型和岭回归模型,并对这4种模型进行了评估。结果表明:①多元逐步回归模型被认为是一种可以简单、高效、准确地反演西北干旱区植被NPP的模型,且模拟结果与MOD17A3产品及实测值具有很强的相关性;②西北干旱区多年平均植被NPP的分布具有明显的区域差异,山区增加,平原区减少,呈现出北部及西北部高,而南部及东南部低的特征;③西北干旱区NPP在年际变化上呈波动增加趋势,线性增长率为0.40g C/(m·a)。自2000年以来,58.66%区域的NPP呈现增长趋势,13.64%的地区保持不变,27.7%的地区表现为退化趋势。 相似文献
5.
基于2000-2014年中分辨率成像光谱仪MODIS的MOD17A3数据,分析了京津冀地区植被净初级生产力(net primary productivity,NPP)的时空分布,探讨高程和坡度因子对植被NPP的影响。结果表明,京津冀地区2000-2014年年均NPP主要集中在200～300 gC/(m~2·a)。2000-2014年植被NPP波动变化,并呈增长趋向。15年间植被NPP均值2004年最高,高达356 gC/(m~2·a),其次是2008年,为313 gC/(m~2·a),最低是2001年,为223 gC/(m~2·a)。京津冀北部地区年均NPP与经向地带分异规律一致,由东向西递减;京津冀西部地区年均NPP与纬向地带分异规律一致,由南至北递减。京津冀中部地区太行山东部存在一个高值区。高程和坡度是植被NPP变化重要因子,并且随着高程和坡度升高,植被NPP降低。 相似文献
6.
喀斯特地区植被净第一性生产力遥感动态监测及评价——以贵州省中部地区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在光能利用率原理基础上,对CASA模型中的水分胁迫因子进行改进,将土壤水分含量作为一个直接变量引入模型,建立起针对于黔中部喀斯特地区的植被NPP估算模型;并与土壤水分层均衡模型进行有效耦合,得到模型所需的土壤水分含量,在此基础上,依托遥感和GIS手段,将模型扩展到区域尺度上,模拟出黔中部喀斯特地区2005年10月～2006年5月月尺度上的植被净第一性生产力动态变化特征,并以实测值进行了验证.结果表明: ①该模型在数据获取上比较容易,仅利用地面气象数据和遥感数据就可以对陆地植被MPP进行估算,使其实际的可操作性得到加强;将土壤水分含量作为一个直接变量引入模型,从而可以从模型本身,对土壤水分与植被NPP的直接响应关系进行深入探讨,得到生态脆弱区植被生长的土壤水分敏感点,为区域植被建设和生态恢复提供一定的依据; ②不同植被类型下植被NPP变化特征有着重要的差异.林地的植被NPP最高,平均值为19.89gC/m2,其次为灌丛,为19.01gC/m2,草地和农用地分别为16.71 gC/m2和16.54 gC/m2;林地、草地、灌丛和农用地等不同植被类型季节变化表现出同样的特征:春季＞秋季＞冬季,其中林地植被NPP平均值冬季14.62 gC/m2,春季增加到26.26gC/m2,秋季又有所减少,为18.79 gc/m2,其它植被类型也表现出同样的季相变化特征,与当地气温和地表太阳辐射的季节变化基本相同. 相似文献
7.
净初级生产力遥感估算模型尺度效应的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
提高净初级生产力(NPP)的估算精度,需要充分认识不同空间分辨率的遥感数据对NPP估算结果的
影响差异,即NPP的空间尺度效应问题。本文借鉴了多种成熟的光能利用率NPP模型的优点,同时充分考虑了研
究区生态环境的典型特点,建立了针对研究区域的基于光能利用率原理的植被净初级生产力遥感估算模型。选取
了具有空间尺度代表性的4种遥感数据作为NPP遥感估算模型的输入参数,估算了4种空间分辨率的NPP模拟值,
对比分析了这4种分辨率的土地覆盖类型空间格局的变化和NPP分布情况。结果表明：随着遥感数据空间分辨率
的降低,NPP的模拟值呈逐渐增加的趋势,但其变化的程度差异较大。其中,分辨率由30m降低为1km时,NPP模
拟值变化程度最大,增加了15.7%。 相似文献
8.
气候和土地利用变化对北方农牧交错带植被NPP变化的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
基于1986年、2000年中国北方农牧交错带的遥感影像、气象和土地利用数据,利用光能利用率模型分析了北方农牧交错带1986年～2000年植被净初级生产力（NPP）的时空变化,并分析了气候和土地利用变化对NPP变化的影响。结果显示：①1986年～2000年,研究区植被NPP下降了21.7TgC,单位面积NPP下降了35 gC/（m2·a）;②NPP＞400 gC/（m2·a）的区域明显缩减,NPP＜400 gC/（m2·a）的区域则迅速扩张;③NPP升高区位于华北段的西部和西北段的南部,其它地段NPP明显降低;④NPP变化同降水、干燥度指数变化成正相关,同温度变化成负相关; ⑤不同土地利用类型的植被NPP变化程度各异。 相似文献
9.
10.
受气候、国家生态保护政策以及社会经济发展影响,内蒙古自治区耕地转出还林还草与因农民外出务工弃耕并存。论文由遥感数据获取1991-2010年内蒙古自治区耕地减少时空分布格局,并分析了耕地减少区域的降水和耕地生产力的分布规律,为便于描述用"耕地转出"表示耕地减少,与传统耕地转出为林地概念不同。研究结果表明:11991-2000年,4.91%的耕地转出,其中82.15%、7.34%、7.64%、1.63%和1.22%的耕地转变为草地、林地、未利用地、水域和建筑用地;而2001-2010年耕地面积减少了3.40%,其中62.62%、19.10%、5.40%、3.46%和9.41%的耕地转变为草地、林地、未利用地、水域和建筑用地;21991-2000年和2001-2010年两个时段耕地转出均主要集中在内蒙古自治区北部和中西部,而鄂尔多斯市和包头市在两时段耕地转出面积占耕地总面积比例均较大;3分析耕地转出区降雨量和农田生产力分布特点的结果表明,1991-2000年间在0~250mm降雨量较低区间耕地转出几率较高,在各NPP区间分布较均匀且多集中在低NPP值区域,2001-2010年间在各个降雨量区间耕地转出几率较均匀且偏小,集中分布在(50~150)g C/(m2·a)NPP区间。散点图分析表明1991-2000年耕地转出点多集中在(700~1 200)g C/(m2·a)NPP中高值区域,270~350mm降雨量中值区域,2001-2010年耕地转出点多集中在(10~70)g C/(m2·a)和(400~700)g C/(m2·a)中低值NPP区域,200~340mm降雨量中值区域,总起来说低降雨量和低NPP值区域容易发生耕地转出,但在一些降雨量和NPP值并不低区域,耕地转出情况依旧存在,耕地转出作为一种复杂现象受多因素驱动。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
15.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献