共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
训练者和无训练者脂肪氧化动力学与最大脂肪氧化强度研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:研究有训练者和无训练者递增负荷运动过程中脂肪氧化动力及最大脂肪氧化强度(FATmax),探讨长期训练对脂肪氧化动力学的影响.方法:训练和无训练健康女性各12名采用递增负荷模式完成跑台运动测试,测定每级负荷运动过程机体气体代谢指标,采用每级负荷后30 s气体代谢数据计算脂肪氧化率,通过3阶数多项式拟合曲线确定脂肪氧化动力曲线和FATmax.结果:运动强度和耐力训练对脂肪氧化率均有影响.随着运动强度的增加,脂肪氧化率呈现先增加后减少的变化趋势.训练者脂肪氧化率在60％～70％VO2max强度阶段呈现相对较高的水平(12.20～12.84 mg/min/kg),无训练者脂肪氧化率在50％～65％VO2max强度阶段脂肪氧化率呈现相对较高水平(6.36～6.67 mg/min/kg).相同强度运动训练者脂肪氧化率高于无训练者,有训练者最大脂肪氧化强度和最大脂肪氧化率(MFO)也均高于无训练者(63.95％±3.16％ vs 56.51％士2.50 ％VO2max,P＜0.001;13.04士1.82 vs 6.71士1.15 mg/min/kg,P＜0.001).跑台运动时,有训练者和无训练者诱导脂肪氧化率达最大脂肪氧化率的95％以上的强度分别为57.14％～69.86％'O2max和48.21％～65.41 ％VO2max强度范围.另外,最大脂肪氧化率、最大脂肪氧化强度、最大耗氧量之间存在一定正相关.结论:1)相同强度(％YO2max)运动,训练者脂肪氧化率高于无训练者,训练者最大脂肪氧化强度和最大脂肪氧化率也高于无训练者,长期耐力训练可增强机体脂肪动员和氧化利用能力.2)跑步运动时,无训练者强度在50％～65％VO2max范围,有训练者强度在60％～70％VO2max范围均可促使机体脂肪氧化率达最大脂肪氧化率的95％以上.3)最大脂肪氧化率和最大脂肪氧化强度与机体耗氧能力和利用氧的能力有一定关系. 相似文献
2.
目的：利用Meta分析的方法比较高强度间歇训练（High-Intensity Interval Training，HⅡT）与中强度持续训练（Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training，MICT）对中国超重或肥胖人群干预作用的有效性。方法：在中英文电子数据库中检索2017年12月之前所有相关的临床随机对照研究文献，并对参考文献进行相关文献的补充检索，利用Review Manager 5.3软件合并效应量。结果：研究共纳入13篇研究，HⅡT组和MICT组分别纳入214例和208例成年超重或肥胖患者。结果显示：HⅡT降低超重或肥胖患者体脂百分数[WMD=-1.23（95%CI=-2.31，-0.15），I2=68%]及提高最大摄氧量（VO2max）[WMD=1.02（95%CI=0.14，1.90），I2=0%]的能力优于MICT；而HⅡT和MICT对体重、BMI（Body mass index）、瘦体重（LBM，Lean Body Mass）、腰围、臀围及腰臀比（Waist-to-Hip Ratio，WHR）的改变无显著差异。结论：平均10.5周（3次/周以上）的最大摄氧量（VO2max）为85％~95％的高强度间歇训练（HⅡT）处方治疗降低中国超重或肥胖患者体脂量的能力优于中强度持续训练（MICT），但对其他体测指标方面两种运动没有差异。 相似文献
3.
目的：探索连续12周的高强度间歇训练（HⅡT）对中年大鼠骨骼肌蛋白合成和蛋白分解的影响。方法：16只9月龄Wistar大鼠随机分安静组（C组）和HⅡT组（H组）。C组大鼠正常饮食生活，无训练，H组大鼠进行高（80% VO2max）、低强度（40% VO2max）的间歇运动，每周训练5次共12周。干预结束后取趾长伸肌，称湿重，Western Blot检测趾长伸肌蛋白合成相关蛋白、泛素蛋白酶体关键组分、细胞自噬相关蛋白的表达，电镜观察自噬体结构。结果：相比C组：HⅡT提高了趾长伸肌湿重；提高了AktSer473和4E-BP1Thr37/46蛋白水平，但对mTORSer2448和P70 S6KThr389无明显影响；降低了MuRF-1和MAFbx的蛋白表达，增加了自噬体，且提高了LC3Ⅱ/LC3I和PGC-1α蛋白表达，降低了P62蛋白含量，但对LC3Ⅱ、ULK1Ser757磷酸化水平、Beclin-1的蛋白表达无明显影响。结论：HⅡT有利于中年大鼠骨骼肌质量的提高，可能是以下途径共同作用的结果：促进蛋白合成，调节泛素-蛋白酶体系统分解途径的适宜活性，提高基础自噬水平和自噬流的通畅性。 相似文献
4.
运动减脂的生化分析和合理营养 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
周全富 《西安体育学院学报》2003,20(6):33-34
从运动生化的角度揭示了运动减脂的机制,发现最大心率强度的60%的长时间有氧运动与力量练习结合是最佳的减脂方法;并在此基础上提出运动减脂时合理的营养膳食结构和该运动补液的特点。为参加体育运动减少体脂,控制体重,维持健康水平提供理论依据。 相似文献
5.
曾芳桂 《武汉体育学院学报》2017,51(10):76-81
运动时骨骼肌两种重要能源底物，碳水化合物和脂肪在氧化供能时存在交互关系，且与G-FA循环理论以外的机制有关。运动中增加脂肪的可用性可降低骨骼肌PDH活性，减少肌糖原分解，可能是通过增加线粒体NADH可用性，进而缓解运动诱导的游离ADP，AMP和Pi累积增加；增加外源性CHO可用性能减少骨骼肌脂肪氧化，可能是通过血浆胰岛素水平增加和FFA可用性下降，也可能是通过减少脂肪转运进入肌肉和/或降低线粒体速率等机制；运动强度增加机体更依赖于CHO供能，可能通过肌肉内、外机制下调脂肪代谢。 相似文献
6.
目的：探究短期冲刺间歇训练（Short-Term Sprint Interval Training，SIT）对提高普通健康人群最大摄氧量（VO2max）的影响。方法：通过检索PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI等数据库，检索SIT对普通健康人群VO2max影响的随机对照组实验（Randomized Controlled Trial，RCT），按照纳入和排除标准筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入文献的方法学质量后，采用Review Manager 5.3软件对纳入文献的结局指标进行Meta分析。SIT对VO2max的提升效果优于CON组，亚分组分析显示：与无干预组相比，2 10周干预，SIT对VO2max的提升效果有显著作用；与中等强度有氧训练（ET）比较，2~4周与6~8周干预，SIT提升VO2max的水平不存在统计学差异（P＞0.05），10周干预SIT优于ET组。结论：SIT可提高普通健康人群VO2max；相对于ET，SIT在2~4周与6~8周内干预效果相同，可作为替代训练，10周干预SIT干预效果优于ET，但由于相关研究较少且方法学质量评价较低，因此10周干预效果仍需进一步研究验证。 相似文献
7.
目的：比较在赛前训练阶段采用加压训练结合SIT训练与单独SIT训练对公路自行车运动员运动能力的影响。方法：将12名云南省女子公路自行车运动员随机分为两组，在训练前后分别进行身体成分测试、递增负荷测试和Wingate无氧功测试。结果：（1）两组运动员训练前后体重、肌肉量无明显变化，加压组体脂率较训练前差异呈显著性（P＜0.05），对照组骨骼肌含量较训练前有显著差异（P＜0.05）；（2）训练后加压组最大摄氧量相对值、无氧阈心率 、最大心率与每搏输出量较训练前差异非常显著（P＜0.01），最大有氧输出功率较训练前差异呈显著性（P＜0.05），对照组各指标的变化趋势与加压组相似，但增长幅度较加压组小，无氧阈心率、最大心率较训练前差异呈显著性（P＜0.05），每搏输出量较训练前差异呈非常显著性（P＜0.01），两组运动员VE均较训练前有所下降；（3）训练后加压组峰值功率、相对峰值功率、平均功率、相对平均功率较训练前差异呈显著性（P＜0.05）；对照组峰值功率与相对峰值功率较训练前差异呈显著性（P＜0.05）；平均功率与相对平均功率较训练前稍有下降。结论：（1）赛前3周加压训练结合SIT训练和单纯SIT训练均可引起机体蛋白质分解代谢和降解加速，而导致骨骼肌含量下降；（2）赛前加压训练结合SIT训练和单纯SIT训练均可有效提高公路自行车运动员的有氧运动能力，且加压训练结合SIT训练较单纯SIT训练的增长幅度更明显，训练效果更佳；（3）赛前加压训练结合SIT训练可有效提升公路自行车运动员爆发力水平和无氧耐力水平。 相似文献
8.
运动时脂肪代谢率随着运动强度的增加而增加,并在达到最大值后下降,单位时间内脂肪代谢峰值对应的强度为最大脂肪代谢强度(Fatmax),此峰值为最大脂肪代谢率(Fatmax Rate).对最大脂肪代谢强度的测试方法、影响因素以及在实践中的应用进行了综述,得出该指标对于制订减重计划、健康运动处方以及耐力训练具有重要的现实意义.目的是为人们选择更有效的减重及健身运动强度提供参考. 相似文献
9.
该研究旨在观察乳酸阈强度训练提升超重女大学生心肺机能和改善身体成分的效果。方法：通过递增负荷实验测定超重女大学生个体乳酸阈，绘制血乳酸-走跑强度动力曲线，依此确定运动干预强度及设计运动方案；受试者进行12周乳酸阈强度运动训练；测定实验前后身体成分、肺活量、最大摄氧量、超声心动等指标进行与对照组的对比分析。结果显示：超重女大学生个体乳酸阈为3.75±0.91mmol/L，乳酸阈强度为6.91±0.88km/h，乳酸阈强度训练靶心率为137±12.2次/min；实验组训练后，体脂%、腹部脂肪含量等非常显著的下降，最大摄氧量、肺活量、每博输出量、射血分数显著性提升；对照组无明显变化。结论：12周乳酸阈强度运动锻炼可显著改善超重女大学生的心肺机能和身体成分；本研究得出的乳酸阈强度可作为超重女大学生有氧健身的参考强度。 相似文献
10.
目的：对比高强度间歇运动(high intensity interval training,HIIT)和中等强度持续运动(moderate intensity continuous training,MICT)对30～50岁男性2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes,T2D)患者餐后血糖控制和炎症因子的影响。方法：14位男性T2D受试者[年龄：(42.6±6.5)岁]进行3次交叉随机自身对照试验,每次干预均在早餐后1 h进行,分别为：1)HIIT,高强度运动以90%V O2max强度骑功率车7组×1 min/组,低强度运动以30%V O2max强度骑功率车7组×2 min/组,热身以60%V O2max强度骑功率车4 min,恢复以40%V O2max强度骑功率车5 min;2)MICT,以50%V O2max强度持续骑功率车30 min;3)安静对照(CON)在功率车上静坐30 min,每次干预间隔10天。受试者分别在运动前、运动后即刻和运动后1 h 3个时间点抽取静脉血... 相似文献
11.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(9):1230-1239
AbstractThe maximal fat oxidation (MFO), and the exercise intensity that elicits MFO (Fatmax), are considered excellent markers of fat metabolism during exercise. Besides individual’s biological characteristics (e.g. fed state, physical fitness level, sex, or age), data selection and analysis can affect MFO and Fatmax estimations, yet the effect is unknown. We investigated (i) the impact of using a pre-defined time interval on MFO and Fatmax estimation, and (ii) the impact of applying 2 different data analysis approaches (measured-values vs. polynomial-curve) on MFO and Fatmax estimations in sedentary adults. A total of 151 (97 women) sedentary adults aged 29.2?±?13.2 years old participated in the study. We assessed MFO and Fatmax through a walking graded exercise test using indirect calorimetry. We pre-defined 13 different time intervals for data analysis, and the estimation of MFO and Fatmax were performed through the measured-values and the polynomial-curve data analysis approaches. There were significant differences in MFO across pre-defined time intervals methods (P?<?0.001) applying measured-values data analysis approach, while no statistical differences were observed when using polynomial-curve data analysis approach (P?=?0.077). There were no differences in Fatmax across pre-defined time intervals independently of the data analysis approach (P?≥?0.7). We observed significant differences in MFO between measured-values and the polynomial-curve data analysis approaches across the time intervals methods selected (all P?≤?0.05), and no differences were observed in Fatmax (all P?≥?0.2). In conclusion, our results revealed that there are no differences in MFO and Fatmax across different time intervals methods selected using the polynomial-curve data analysis approach. We observed significant differences in MFO between measured-values vs. polynomial-curve data analysis approaches in all the study time intervals, whereas no differences were detected in Fatmax. Therefore, the use of polynomial-curve data analysis approach allows to compare MFO and Fatmax using different time intervals in sedentary adults. 相似文献
12.
The effect of pre-exercise carbohydrate feedings on the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of ingesting 75 g of glucose 45 min before the start of a graded exercise test to exhaustion on the determination of the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax). Eleven moderately trained individuals (VO2max: 58.9 +/- 1.0 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1); mean +/- sx), who had fasted overnight, performed two graded exercise tests to exhaustion, one 45 min after ingesting a placebo drink and one 45 min after ingesting 75 g of carbohydrate in the form of glucose. The tests started at 95 W and the workload was increased by 35 W every 3 min. Gas exchange measures and heart rate were recorded throughout exercise. Fat oxidation rates were calculated using stoichiometric equations. Blood samples were collected at rest and at the end of each stage of the test. Maximal fat oxidation rates decreased from 0.46 +/- 0.06 to 0.33 +/- 0.06 g min(-1) when carbohydrate was ingested before the start of exercise (P < 0.01). There was also a decrease in the intensity which elicited maximal fat oxidation (60.1 +/- 1.9% vs 52.0+3.4% VO2max) after carbohydrate ingestion (P < 0.05). Maximal power output was higher in the carbohydrate than in the placebo trial (346 +/- 12 vs 332 +/- 12 W) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the ingestion of 75 g of carbohydrate 45 min before the onset of exercise decreased Fatmax by 14%, while the maximal rate of fat oxidation decreased by 28%. 相似文献
13.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):191-199
Abstract The increased energy demand that occurs with incremental exercise intensity is met by increases in the oxidation of both endogenous fat and carbohydrate stores up to an intensity of ~70% V˙O2max in trained individuals. However, when exercise intensity increases beyond this workload, fat oxidation rates decline, both from a relative and absolute perspective. As endogenous glycogen use is accelerated, glycogen stores can become depleted, ultimately resulting in fatigue and the inability to maintain high intensity, submaximal exercise (>70% V˙O2max). Despite a considerable accumulation of knowledge that has been gained over the past half century, the precise mechanism(s) regulating muscle fuel selection and underpinning the aforementioned decline in fat oxidation remain largely unclear. A greater understanding would undoubtedly lead to novel strategies to increase fat utilization and, as such, improve exercise capacity. The present review primarily addresses one of the most prominent theories to explain the phenomenon of diminished fat oxidation during high intensity, submaximal exercise; a reduced availability of muscle free carnitine for mitochondrial fat translocation. This is discussed in the light of recent work in this area taking advantage of the discovery that muscle carnitine content can be increased in vivo in humans. Furthermore, the evidence supporting the recently proposed theory that reduced muscle co-enzyme A availability to several key enzymes in the fat oxidation pathway may also exert a degree of control over muscle fuel selection during exercise is also considered. Strong correlational evidence exists that muscle free carnitine availability is likely to be a key limiting factor to fat oxidation during high intensity, submaximal exercise. However, it is concluded that further intervention studies manipulating the muscle carnitine pool in humans are required to establish a direct causal role. In addition, it is concluded that while a depletion of muscle coenzyme A availability during exercise also offers a viable mechanism for impairing fat oxidation, at present, this remains speculative. 相似文献
14.
The effect of pre-exercise carbohydrate feedings on the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation
Juul Achten & Asker E Jeukendrup 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1017-1025
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of ingesting 75?g of glucose 45?min before the start of a graded exercise test to exhaustion on the determination of the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax). Eleven moderately trained individuals ( V?O2max: 58.9±1.0?ml?·?kg?1?·?min?1; mean±sx¯ ), who had fasted overnight, performed two graded exercise tests to exhaustion, one 45?min after ingesting a placebo drink and one 45?min after ingesting 75?g of carbohydrate in the form of glucose. The tests started at 95?W and the workload was increased by 35?W every 3?min. Gas exchange measures and heart rate were recorded throughout exercise. Fat oxidation rates were calculated using stoichiometric equations. Blood samples were collected at rest and at the end of each stage of the test. Maximal fat oxidation rates decreased from 0.46±0.06 to 0.33±0.06?g?·?min?1 when carbohydrate was ingested before the start of exercise (P?<0.01). There was also a decrease in the intensity which elicited maximal fat oxidation (60.1±1.9% vs 52.0±3.4% V?O2max) after carbohydrate ingestion (P?<0.05). Maximal power output was higher in the carbohydrate than in the placebo trial (346±12 vs 332±12?W) (P?<0.05). In conclusion, the ingestion of 75?g of carbohydrate 45?min before the onset of exercise decreased Fatmax by 14%, while the maximal rate of fat oxidation decreased by 28%. 相似文献
15.
单纯性肥胖与有氧运动关系的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用献综述法阐述了肥胖的分类、病因及其危害性，详细探讨了有氧运动与肥胖的关系及减肥机制，并通过对运动中能量代谢及运动方式的分析，得出有氧运动是防治肥胖的最佳途径，同时提出合适的有氧运动方式。 相似文献
16.
田振军 《西安体育学院学报》2001,(1)
该研究目的在于研究不同强度有氧运动对机体脂蛋白、激素和心肌收缩能力的变化及其相互关系。笔者采用BECKMAN自动生化分析仪 ,RM - 6 0 0 0多道生理记录仪和放射免疫测定技术 ,对有氧运动大鼠高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白 (LDL)、血浆睾酮 (T)、皮质醇 (C)、血管紧张素Ⅱ (AngⅡ )和左室压力的二阶导数 (d2 p/dt2 max)等指标进行观察、测试 ,并对血睾酮、皮质醇、HDL、LDL、AngⅡ和d2 p/dt2 max之间的相互关系进行分析。结果 :中等强度有氧运动大鼠体重、血压、尿蛋白恒定、心系数增加 ,心率降低 ,心肌收缩能力增强 ,皮质醇、血睾酮 /皮质醇、AngⅡ及HDL显著性升高 ,LDL显著性降低 ;大强度有氧运动大鼠体重、血压波动 ,尿蛋白异常 ,心系数增加 ,但心率上升 ,心肌收缩功能降低 ,AngⅡ、皮质醇大幅度升高 ,LDL、HDL出现异常波动。血睾酮、皮质醇与AngⅡ、HDL、LDL以及AngⅡ与HDL、LDL、d2 p/dt2 max之间的关系密切。结论 :中等强度有氧运动对维持机体健康水平有益 ;AngⅡ可能参与了血睾酮、皮质醇、HDL、LDL变化的调节 相似文献
17.
目前肥胖症的治疗方法主要有4种：单纯节食,药物减肥,手术去脂,运动减肥。运动减肥以小强度、长时间适宜的有氧运动,消耗体内的脂肪,达到减肥的目的。运动还可以增强体质、促进健康,具有其他减肥方法不可能达到的健康促进作用。文章介绍了运动减肥的3种模式：全封闭式运动减肥模式、运动减肥夏令营模式、公益性运动减肥模式;运动减肥操作常规,包括运动强度的确定、运动负荷试验、运动减肥运动项目的选择、运动减肥持续时间等问题。并通过众多的实验研究证实了运动减肥对肥胖症患者身体形态的改善作用、运动减肥对肥胖症患者脂肪肝的改善作用、运动减肥对血脂代谢的改善作用、运动减肥对肥胖症患者心脏功能的影响、运动减肥对肥胖症患者动脉粥样硬化致病因子的影响、运动减肥对肥胖症患者炎症因子与抗氧化能力的影响、运动减肥对肥胖症患者瘦素和脂联素的影响,综合阐述了运动减肥对肥胖症患者健康的促进作用。 相似文献
18.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):79-87
Abstract In this study we determined the exercise intensity that elicits the highest fat oxidation rate in 15 obese women and 13 obese men. Furthermore the relationship between this intensity with the lactate (LT) and ventilatory thresholds (VT) was investigated in order to give training recommendation for maximal fat utilization during endurance exercise. After an incremental exercise test until exhaustion on a cycle ergometer, subjects performed six 20-min exercise bouts of 25, 35, 45, 55, 65 and 75% VO2peak. The 20 min stages were randomly assigned and spread over two separate occasions (three bouts per occasion). Substrate oxidation was measured with indirect calorimetry and was calculated using stochiometric equations. In both, women and men the highest fat oxidation rate occurred at 65% VO2peak and this did not coincide with either the VT or LT. A significant correlation between VT and LT could not be found in women (r=0.33) nor men (r=0.277). In obese women and men training recommendation for maximal fat utilization should not only be given by the intensity at which AnT occurs. 相似文献