共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
身体锻炼行为转变的研究源自促进个体健康的研究，身体锻炼行为研究是健康促进研究的一个重要领域，促进身体锻炼行为的研究是这一领域的重要内容。为了解释身体活动行为或者为了说明影响身体锻炼行为的因素影响，研究人员提出了一些身体锻炼行为的理论模型，社会认知行为理论是其中重要的理论之一。社会认知理论认为可以通过操控个体的个人因素、环境因素、个体的行为归因来影响行为本身的变化。 相似文献
2.
身体锻炼行为转变的研究源自促进个体健康的研究,身体锻炼行为研究是健康促进研究的一个重要领域。促进身体锻炼行为的研究是这一领域的重要内容。为了解释身体活动行为或者为了说明身体锻炼行为受哪些因素影响,研究人员提出了一些身体锻炼行为的理论模型,个人内部理论是其中重要的理论之一。个人内部理论认为锻炼行为的根源首先主要在于个人的控制,用个体对行为的信念、态度和意向来解释意志控制行为的发生。 相似文献
3.
身体锻炼行为转变的研究源自促进个体健康的研究，身体锻炼行为研究是健康促进研究的一个重要领域。促进身体锻炼行为的研究是这一领域的重要内容。为了解释身体活动行为或者为了说明身体锻炼行为受哪些因素影响，研究人员提出了一些身体锻炼行为的理论模型，行为的阶段性改变理论是其中重要的理论之一。行为的阶段性改变模式把行为阶段和过程的概念应用到为了行为的改变而设计的可变程序活动中。这些阶段通过一系列修正行为的活动与行为改变联系在一起，认为修正行为的活动过程就是行为改变的过程。 相似文献
4.
如何促使个体进行身体锻炼和维持身体锻炼是现代西方国家有关身体锻炼研究的主要内容.研究者把身体锻炼作为一种行为来研究,身体锻炼行为转变的研究源自促进个体健康的研宄.促进身体锻炼行为的研究是健康促进研究的重要内容.为了解释或说明身体锻炼行为受哪些因素影响,研究人员提出了一些身体锻炼行为的理论模型.这些理论可以分为个人内部理论、人际理论和环境理论.通过行为转变理论模式的研究可以推理出行之有效的行为干预方法,为行为干预实践提供理论依据.阐述了促进身体锻炼主要的理论模式,并对其进行基本分析,指出了研究中存在的问题,对未来的研究发展提出了自己的观点. 相似文献
5.
身体锻炼行为转变研究源自促进个体健康的研究.促进身体锻炼行为研究是健康促进研究的重要内容.采用实验研究的方法分析影响大学生身体锻炼的主要因素,确定锻炼倾向、自我认知、锻炼结果认知、外部强化、行动因子,锻炼条件为影响大学生参与身体锻炼的主要内外部因素,并进一步构建促进大学生参与身体锻炼的理论模型. 相似文献
6.
身体锻炼行为的理论模式 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
分析、评价了近年来国外在身体锻炼行为领域里的理论模式及其研究结果。涉及的模式包括身体活动参与的理论模式、健康信念模式、合理行为理论和计划行为理论。研究中存在的问题是:缺乏身体锻炼活动及其影响因素的准确定义,研究身体锻炼活动的有效方法及可在大范围人口研究中应用的测量工具还没有得到公认,研究对象的广泛性还不够。未来研究在克服以上问题的同时,还应特别注意社会文化、经济和政治环境的不同,重视社会观念对个体锻炼行为的决策或控制的影响。 相似文献
7.
陈作松 《上海体育学院学报》2008,32(3):37-42
采用量表法,对中学生领悟锻炼社会支持与锻炼行为之关系进行研究。结果表明:中学生领悟锻炼社会支持由社会环境支持、物理环境支持、锻炼方案支持三个维度构成;男生身体锻炼的行为态度、行为控制感、行为意向优于女生,初中生身体锻炼的行为态度、行为控制感、行为意向优于高中生,中学生身体锻炼的主观规范无性别和学段差异;中学生领悟锻炼社会支持是预测其锻炼行为的重要指标,它既可以通过主观规范、行为控制感、行为态度影响行为意向,进而影响锻炼行为,亦可通过行为控制感直接影响锻炼行为。 相似文献
8.
社会经济地位是影响个体身体活动参与的重要社会因素。通过对国内外相关研究文献进行分析,检验社会经济地位对不同群体身体活动的影响效应,梳理社会经济地位影响个体身体活动参与的作用路径,发现：（1）社会经济地位对个体的身体活动具有重要影响,但对青少年、普通人群和特殊人群身体活动的影响效应存在差异;（2）社会经济地位通过社区环境（体育活动设施、社区学校条件）、家庭因素（家庭物质环境、家庭成员身体活动行为）、久坐行为、超重或肥胖、锻炼动机（锻炼意图、自我效能）等因素对个体身体活动产生影响。（3）当前关于社会经济地位与身体活动关系的研究存在核心概念的界定与测量混乱、社会经济地位影响身体活动的理论构建缺乏等问题。 相似文献
9.
锻炼行为生态学模型的理论阐释及展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
方敏 《西安体育学院学报》2010,27(1)
目前,个体水平锻炼行为改变理论和干预已成为锻炼行为促进研究的主流.虽然这些理论对个体锻炼行为是重要的,然而不能有效促进锻炼行为的长期维持以及群体锻炼行为的改变.锻炼行为生态学理论的发展为解决这一问题提供了新思路.该模型描述锻炼行为是环境场合、生物和心理因素交互影响的结果.从理论背景、理论基础和理论演变等方面对锻炼行为生态学模型进行了分析,并诠释了模型建构,最后提出了未来研究导向. 相似文献
10.
身体活动不足或久坐少动的静态生活方式是影响人们身体健康的重要因素。参加体育锻炼是促使个体身心健康的重要生活方式。锻炼行为受哪些因素影响，锻炼行为如何解释、说明并预测，锻炼心理学领域有大量理论模型予以解释。其中，时限性自我调节理论(Temporal Self-regulation Theory, TST),作为一种新兴的理论模型被广泛关注。该理论模型是在“意图-行为”模型基础上，强调时间、行为优势和执行功能的一种新模型，在解释个体锻炼行为轨迹可变性时，考虑了自我调节需求。文章从TST模型的概要入手，通过对时间视角、体育活动、行为意图、执行功能、行为优势等理论成分分析及测评方法介绍，提出TST理论在锻炼行为促进领域中的应用及未来发展展望，以期为锻炼行为促进的研究提供理论支持与决策依据。 相似文献
11.
Continued advancement in the field of physical activity and health promotion relies heavily on the synthesis of rigorous scientific evidence. As such, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have led to a better understanding of which intervention strategies are superior (i.e., produce the greatest effects) in physical activity-based health behavior change interventions. Indeed, standard meta-analytic approaches have allowed researchers in the field to synthesize relevant experimental evidence using pairwise procedures that produce reliable estimates of the homogeneity, magnitude, and potential biases in the observed effects. However, pairwise meta-analytic procedures are only capable to discerning differences in effects between a select intervention strategy and a select comparison or control condition. In order to maximize the impact of physical activity interventions on health-related outcomes, it is necessary to establish evidence concerning the comparative efficacy of all relevant physical activity intervention strategies. The development of network meta-analysis (NMA)—most commonly used in medical-based clinical trials—has allowed for the quantification of indirect comparisons, even in the absence of direct, head-to-head trials. Thus, it stands to reason that NMA can be applied in physical activity and health promotion research to identify the best intervention strategies. Given that this analysis technique is novel and largely unexplored in the field of physical activity and health promotion, care must be taken in its application to ensure reliable estimates and discernment of the effect sizes among interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to comment on the potential application and importance of NMA in the field of physical activity and health promotion, describe how to properly and effectively apply this technique, and suggest important considerations for its appropriate application in this field. In this paper, overviews of the foundations of NMA and commonly used approaches for conducting NMA are provided, followed by assumptions related to NMA, opportunities and challenges in NMA, and a step-by-step example of developing and conducting an NMA. 相似文献
12.
Improving environments for physical activity is a fundamental goal of health sports. Both considerations in sport science as well as practical guidelines by sport associations and sickness funds build upon that. However, currently there is neither a theory-based concept nor a systematic operationalisation of that concept. In the first part, this article therefore aims to define and conceptualise the term “environments for physical activity”. It refers to the term “setting” to underline the multidimensionality of environments with regard to physical activity as part of health promotion. The article indicates potential links of the concept to theories of sociology and political science by looking at the interdependency of structure (Verhältnisse) and agency (Verhalten). The second part of the article analyses a case study from physical activity promotion to demonstrate the explanatory power of the concept to intervention practice. The focus of the analysis is on an approach to structural change, i.e. the potential of changing environments for physical activity. 相似文献
13.
The purpose of this study was to examine knee extensor/flexor muscle strength and physical activity in healthy males and females approaching retirement. Peak torques of the knee extensor and knee flexor muscle groups were measured bilaterally in 95 individuals (mean age 59.4 years) using an isokinetic dynamometer. Isokinetic concentric contractions were performed at angular velocities of 1.05 and 3.14 rad x s(-1). Physical activity, including household, leisure, and sporting activities, was assessed. The results show that the average peak torques exhibited were lower than previously reported in studies using the same methodology with different populations of similar age and body size. Over one-third of the participants were sedentary, with just 13% being active enough to obtain health benefits. The poor muscle strength and low physical activity of this self selecting group of healthy working adults were surprising, and potentially a cause for concern. The combination of retirement being a potential watershed for a decrease in physical activity and the known age-related decline in physical performance indicates that some of these participants are at risk of losing their functional independence fairly early in the retirement stage. We recommend the introduction of effective health promotion interventions for individuals approaching retirement, encouraging them to become more physically active. 相似文献
14.
Supportive environments have been used to change and influence health behaviours like smoking. While psychological and ecological theories and models demonstrate the possible influences of the environment on health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA), little is known about the effectiveness of the environmental interventions. This paper presents the results of a systematic review of studies that used environmental interventions to increase health-enhancing physical activity. Two groups of studies were found, studies that changed the physical environment by creating new HEPA facilities, policies and supporting mechanisms, and studies that used the elements of the environment as an active or sedentary ‘point of choice’, via educational materials to promote stair use. Environmental change studies showed a small increase on HEPA behaviour, but the relative impact of environment changes was not evaluated. A number of before and after studies have observed a weak effect of a simple environmental change to stimulate stair climbing while travelling or shopping. Current national policy has embraced the environment as an option for promoting health-enhancing physical activity, especially active travel, in spite of the lack of effectiveness data. It is recommended that existing or planned public health environment and HEPA initiatives should use appropriate evaluation methods to assess their efficacy and effectiveness. Further developmental research into the nature of the relationship of the environment to particular HEPA behaviours is strongly recommended before developing new environmental interventions. 相似文献
15.
Supportive environments have been used to change and influence health behaviours like smoking. While psychological and ecological theories and models demonstrate the possible influences of the environment on health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA), little is known about the effectiveness of the environmental interventions. This paper presents the results of a systematic review of studies that used environmental interventions to increase health-enhancing physical activity. Two groups of studies were found, studies that changed the physical environment by creating new HEPA facilities, policies and supporting mechanisms, and studies that used the elements of the environment as an active or sedentary 'point of choice', via educational materials to promote stair use. Environmental change studies showed a small increase on HEPA behaviour, but the relative impact of environment changes was not evaluated. A number of before and after studies have observed a weak effect of a simple environmental change to stimulate stair climbing while travelling or shopping. Current national policy has embraced the environment as an option for promoting health-enhancing physical activity, especially active travel, in spite of the lack of effectiveness data. It is recommended that existing or planned public health environment and HEPA initiatives should use appropriate evaluation methods to assess their efficacy and effectiveness. Further developmental research into the nature of the relationship of the environment to particular HEPA behaviours is strongly recommended before developing new environmental interventions. 相似文献
16.
通过问卷调查法及实验研究,分析大学生身体自我概念的现状及成因,探讨体育锻炼对身体自我概念形成的影响和促进,研究体育锻炼与身体自我概念的关联,从而为大学生的身心健康发展提供一定的建议和参考。 相似文献
17.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine knee extensor/flexor muscle strength and physical activity in healthy males and females approaching retirement. Peak torques of the knee extensor and knee flexor muscle groups were measured bilaterally in 95 individuals (mean age 59.4 years) using an isokinetic dynamometer. Isokinetic concentric contractions were performed at angular velocities of 1.05 and 3.14 rad · s?1. Physical activity, including household, leisure, and sporting activities, was assessed. The results show that the average peak torques exhibited were lower than previously reported in studies using the same methodology with different populations of similar age and body size. Over one-third of the participants were sedentary, with just 13% being active enough to obtain health benefits. The poor muscle strength and low physical activity of this self selecting group of healthy working adults were surprising, and potentially a cause for concern. The combination of retirement being a potential watershed for a decrease in physical activity and the known age-related decline in physical performance indicates that some of these participants are at risk of losing their functional independence fairly early in the retirement stage. We recommend the introduction of effective health promotion interventions for individuals approaching retirement, encouraging them to become more physically active. 相似文献
18.
体感游戏作为体育运动与电子科技的结合产品,对其在青少年体力活动干预方面的研究有重要意义。研究从体力活动的促进、能量消耗、运动康复、社会价值以及心理效应等方面对体感游戏进行分析,发现体感游戏对青少年体力活动有明显促进作用,能满足其锻炼的需求,且对青少年心理健康具有积极地影响,能作为青少年体力活动干预的有效手段之一。 相似文献
19.
Numerous studies have confirmed direct health effects of interventions with a physical activity component on students without providing sufficient information on the contents or the degree to which the programs have been carried out. The empirical evidence of the indirect health effects of physical education is weaker. In this article the focus is placed on the evaluation of the indirect health effects, such as the enhancement of physical activity and its psychological determinants (e.g. motivation, attitudes, self-efficacy and knowledge) of the health promotion program HealthyPEP, using a quasi-experimental design with 516 sixth grade students. When taking into account the contents of HealthyPEP and the degree of implementation, it was clear that the program had different effects on the two genders whereby girls evaluated HealthyPEP in a more positive way compared to boys. In girls, positive tendencies were observed on rational cognitive determinants (e.g. knowledge and attitudes towards sports). The contents of HealthyPEP must be further optimized in the future to achieve positive indirect health effects also on boys. 相似文献