共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 258 毫秒
1.
最大耗氧量速度(vV.O2max)作为中长跑训练的一个强度指标可以有效地用来制定中长跑间歇训练和持续训练的训练计划和评定日常的训练效果。研究目的:通过4周vV.O2max强度的间歇训练和持续跑训练的实效性研究,首先是验证高强度的间歇训练对于提高受试者的有氧耐力方面是否优于持续跑训练;其次来评价高强度的间歇训练跑30/15组与15/15组在4周训练后对提高运动员有氧耐力和3000m跑成绩的效果优劣。研究方法:男性田径运动员18名,随机分成3组:1)40min70%v.VO2max持续跑训练组(A组);2)间歇跑15/15训练组(B组);3)间歇跑30/15训练组(C组)。训练前、后测试指标:vV.O2max、V.O2max、3000m成绩测定。研究结果:1).VO2max:间歇跑组(B组和C组)训练前、后均有显著性升高(P<0.05;P<0.01);A组训练前后无统计学意义的变化。2)vV.O2max:间歇跑组训练前后均有非常显著性的的提高(P<0.01),而A组训练前后无显著性差异。4)3000m跑成绩:C组训练前后有非常显著性的升高(P<0.01),A组和B组均有显著性升高(P<0.05)。结论:用vV.O... 相似文献
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采用文献资料调研,对最大耗氧量速度(vV。O2max)及其相关指标,最大耗氧量速度持续总时间(tlimvV。O2max),达到最大耗氧量(V。O2max)后持续的时间(Tlim)的定义、测试方法,在训练中的应用作了全面的分析比较,提出vV。O2max及其相关指标可以作为耐力运动员训练的参量指标,对评价耐力运动员的有氧能力具有重要意义。 相似文献
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最大耗氧量速度(vO2max)作为中长跑训练的一个强度指标可以有效地用来制定中长跑间歇训练和持续训练的训练计划和评定日常的训练效果.研究目的:通过4周vO2max强度的间歇训练和持续跑训练的实效性研究,首先是验证高强度的间歇训练对于提高受试者的有氧耐力方面是否优于持续跑训练;其次来评价高强度的间歇训练跑30/15组与15/15组在4周训练后对提高运动员有氧耐力和3 000 m跑成绩的效果优劣.研究方法:男性田径运动员18名,随机分成3组:1)40 min70%vO2max持续跑训练组(A组);2)间歇跑15/15训练组(B组);3)间歇跑30/15训练组(C组).训练前、后测试指标:vO2max、O2max、3 000 m成绩测定.研究结果:1)O2max:间歇跑组(B组和C组)训练前、后均有显著性升高(P<0.05;P<0.01);A组训练前后无统计学意义的变化.2)vO2max:间歇跑组训练前后均有非常显著性的的提高(P<0.01),而A组训练前后无显著性差异.4)3 000 m跑成绩:C组训练前后有非常显著性的升高(P<0.01),A组和B组均有显著性升高(P<0.05).结论:用vO2max作为强度指标进行中长跑训练,在受试者有氧能力的改善和3 000 m跑成绩的提高上,间歇训练优于持续跑训练,尤其是30/15组间歇跑训练最为显著. 相似文献
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目的:探讨大负荷力量训练对举重运动员造血机能、最大耗氧量及运动后血乳酸动力学的影响。方法:选25名优秀男子举重运动员,完成为期5周“二大一调整”式力量训练,其中,第1、2周为大负荷周,第3周为调整周,第4、5周为大负荷周,第4周冲击最大负荷。大负荷周为目标总重量30000kg/d,每天2次训练课,调整负荷为目标总重量小于15000kg/天,每天1次训练课,每周训练6天。于训练前、训练第1、2、3、4、5周取周训练结束后次日晨基础状态静脉血测定红系指标,于试验前、后测定最大耗氧量(V.O2max)及.VO2max测试结束后0、5、10、15min血乳酸变化趋势。结果:训练期间红细胞(RBC)、红细胞压积(Hct)、血红蛋白(Hgb)、血小板(Plt)、血小板压积(Pct)均较试验前显著性下降,但在第5周红细胞、血红蛋白均出现回复性变化;平均红细胞体积(MCV)减小,而平均红细胞血红蛋白(MCH)、红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)、血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)均呈增加趋势;调整周内血红蛋白不仅没有回复,反而呈显著性下降。训练期间外周血网织红细胞(Ret)先增加后回复。5周训练后,V.O2max较训练前显著提高,.VO2max测试后0、5、10、15min血乳酸低于训练前对应点。结论:一定量的大负荷力量训练提高运动员红系造血活动及V.O2max;一定量大负荷力量训练改变定量负荷后血乳酸代谢的动力学特征,其可能的机制是机体清除乳酸的能力提高。 相似文献
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自行车运动员进行功率自行车3种递增负荷运动实验比较有氧耐力研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:通过40名自行车专业运动员在功率自行车上进行3种递增负荷运动实验比较有氧耐力.方法:40名自行车运动员(男21,女19)在功率自行车上进行有氧力竭运动,分别采用3 min递增法、1 min递增法和线性递增法进行运动负荷递增,用Oxyam Pro运动心肺功能仪观察最大耗氧量(VO2max)、心率(HRmax)、呼吸商(RQ)等指标,运动前、后采集血乳酸(Lac).结果:3种递增负荷运动实验的VO2max、HRmax指标无显著性差异(P>0.05),3种实验的RQ、Lac指标差异无显著规律性.结论:自行车运动员进行功率自行车3种递增负荷运动实验比较有氧耐力没有统计学差异,3种递增负荷运动实验均可作为功率自行车进行有氧耐力测试的方法. 相似文献
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7.
赛艇运动员有氧能力的测试 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以１４名女子赛艇运动员为受试者，分别在跑台、自行车和赛艇测功仪上以一次最大负荷和递增负荷方式对其进行了有氧能力测量。根据测量结果，作者建议赛艇测功仪是赛艇运动员最大吸氧量测量的首选负荷器；一次最大负荷更能准确地测出赛艇运动员的最大吸氧量；同时测出的实际耗氧量占最大吸氧量的百分比在评价赛艇运动员有氧训练水平时较ＶＡＴ、ＬＡＴ更有价值。 相似文献
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模拟“低住高练（LoHi）”对游泳运动员运动能力的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
目的探讨LoHi训练法对运动员运动能力的影响机制,为LoHi训练法在运动实践中的应用提供理论和实践依据.方法对15名优秀游泳运动员进行2周的LoHi训练,分别于训练前后进行气体代谢、力竭性递增负荷运动能力测试;在训练的整个过程中进行5次专项有氧能力的测试.结果2周LoHi训练后,①男运动员VO2max、VO2max/kg、Vemax和O2-plusemax显著提高(P＜0.05),女运动员无显著性变化(P＞0.05);②力竭性递增负荷运动后,男女运动员运动后的Bla均非常显著的下降(P＜0.01～0.001),男女间无性别差异(P＞0.05);同时运动后Bla的下降率表现为逐渐升高的趋势;③力竭性递增负荷运动中,男运动员Wmax提高了12.7%(P＜0.01),女运动员则提高了6.12%(P＞0.05); Tmax男子提高17.7%(P＜0.05),女子提高7.44%(P＜0.05);④男运动员在2周LoHi训练过程中运动成绩呈升高趋势,Bla呈逐渐下降趋势,训练后7d运动成绩最好,Bla却下降51.9%(P＜0.01);女运动员在训练过程中运动成绩和Bla均呈下降趋势,训练后7d运动成绩最高,18d下降,但Bla均明显低于训练前(P＜0.01).结论两周LoHi训练提高了运动员对负荷的适应能力,特别使运动员的一般有氧能力和专项有氧能力得到明显改善;同时,女运动员对缺氧的适应能力明显低于男子,表现出明显的性别差异. 相似文献
9.
利用IST—Ⅱ型等动游泳训练测试系统进行递增负荷运动时测定游泳运动员上肢最大有氧能力。结果表明：1)IST—Ⅱ等动游泳训练测试系统是一种较好的训练、测试用游泳专用测功仪，可通过递增负荷安全、有效地测定游泳运动员的上肢的有氧能力；2)VO2max平台持续时间(VO2maxPD)是另一个可以反映游泳运动员的最大有氧能力的重要标识，只有把VO2max和VO2maxPD二者结合起来才能更全面反映运动员有氧能力的内涵；3)心率无氧阈(HR—AT)应成为游泳训练中控制训练负荷的重要指标。 相似文献
10.
不同运动方式对唾液sIgA 的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:了解不同运动方式对唾液分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)的影响。方法:8名普通大学生进行95%最大摄氧量(VO2max)强度的功率自行车间歇运动和连续3天的30 min、75%VO2max强度持续运动,8名田径运动员进行3种急性运动(10 000 m跑、1节强化训练课和1次递增负荷力竭性跑台运动),观察各种运动前后的唾液sIgA变化情况。结果:95%VO2max强度间歇运动后即刻唾液sIgA分泌率降低,3天连续运动后即刻的唾液sIgA分泌率逐渐下降,运动员强化训练课后唾液sIgA浓度降低。结果提示,大强度运动会降低唾液sIgA水平,长期耐力训练对黏膜免疫系统有累积性抑制作用。 相似文献
11.
HiHiLo与LoHi两种低氧训练效果的比较研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
研究目的：比较“高住-高练-低训”（HiHiLo）和“低住-高练”（LoHi）两种低氧训练的效果，为确定低氧训练方案提供理论与实验依据。研究对象和方法：研究对象为13名国家队女子中长跑运动员和12名少体校男子中长跑运动员。HiHiLo组每晚居住于14．7％O2低氧环境10h，白天除照常训练外，每周进行3次低氧运动。LoHi组居住于常氧环境，其他与HiHiLo组相同。测定低氧训练前及实验期间每周血象指标（RBC、Hct、Hb）和低氧训练前后最大耗氧量（VO2max）、无氧闽强度（AT）。实验结果：4周低氧训练，优秀长跑运动员和业余长跑运动员在HiHiLo期间的RBC、HCt、Hb明显增高（P〈0．05），在第3、4周出现高峰值，LoHi组变化不明显，或在大强度训练中下降。优秀长跑运动员低氧训练后HiHiLo组VO2max、AT分别提高了9％和13％，而LoHi组只增加了6％和10％。因此，HiHiLo低氧训练效果优于LoHi。 相似文献
12.
Peak treadmill running velocity during the VO2 max test predicts running performance 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Twenty specialist marathon runners and 23 specialist ultra-marathon runners underwent maximal exercise testing to determine the relative value of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), peak treadmill running velocity, running velocity at the lactate turnpoint, VO2 at 16 km h-1, % VO2max at 16 km h-1, and running time in other races, for predicting performance in races of 10-90 km. Race time at 10 or 21.1 km was the best predictor of performance at 42.2 km in specialist marathon runners and at 42.2 and 90 km in specialist ultra-marathon runners (r = 0.91-0.97). Peak treadmill running velocity was the best laboratory-measured predictor of performance (r = -0.88(-)-0.94) at all distances in ultra-marathon specialists and at all distances except 42.2 km in marathon specialists. Other predictive variables were running velocity at the lactate turnpoint (r = -0.80(-)-0.92); % VO2max at 16 km h-1 (r = 0.76-0.90) and VO2max (r = 0.55(-)-0.86). Peak blood lactate concentrations (r = 0.68-0.71) and VO2 at 16 km h-1 (r = 0.10-0.61) were less good predictors. These data indicate: (i) that in groups of trained long distance runners, the physiological factors that determine success in races of 10-90 km are the same; thus there may not be variables that predict success uniquely in either 10 km, marathon or ultra-marathon runners, and (ii) that peak treadmill running velocity is at least as good a predictor of running performance as is the lactate turnpoint. Factors that determine the peak treadmill running velocity are not known but are not likely to be related to maximum rates of muscle oxygen utilization. 相似文献
13.
肌氧含量的相对有效下降值与最大摄氧量的对比研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用近红外无损肌氧监测系统，对赛艇运动员在递增强度运动时骨骼肌组织中肌氧的变化进行监测，测定不同运动员的肌氧含量相对有效下降值（Deff），并测定最大摄氧量（VO2max）。将监测到的Deff与VO2max的变化作对比研究，以期探讨骨骼肌组织中肌氧含量的相对变化与VO2max的变化规律及相关关系。研究结果显示运动中肌氧含量的相对有效下降值与最大摄氧量存在相关性，这为用无损伤技术监测人体运动时氧化代谢能力提供了新的途径。 相似文献
14.
The purpose of the present study was to re-examine the relationship between deep body temperature and relative exercise intensity, during running rather than cycling (Saltin and Hermansen, 1966). Twenty male competitive and recreational distance runners, aged 22 + 0.9 years (mean +/- sx), were selected to form two groups, one with high maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) values (72.8 +/- 0.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) and the other with moderate values (59.4 +/- 0.7 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)). The participants completed two 60 min constant-paced treadmill runs at a common speed (absolute intensity) of 10.5 km x h(-1) and at a relative exercise intensity at a speed equivalent to 65% of VO2max. During the relative exercise intensity trial, no differences were found in rectal temperature, skin temperature or heart rate between groups. However, when running at the common speed, differences were identified in rectal temperature. At 60 min, rectal temperature was 37.70 +/- 0.19 degrees C and 38.19 +/- 0.11 degrees C for the high and moderate VO2max groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Sweat lost was significantly higher in the moderate VO2max group (moderate: 1.05 +/- 0.06 kg x h(-1); high: 0.82 +/- 0.08 kg x h(-1); P < 0.05). Heart rates were also different between groups over the first 20 min during the common speed trial (P < 0.05). The results of the present study support the findings of Saltin and Hermansen (1966), in that the set-point at which temperature is maintained is related to the relative exercise intensity. 相似文献
15.
Relationship of running economy, ventilatory threshold, and maximal oxygen consumption to running performance in high school females 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
L N Cunningham 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1990,61(4):369-374
The purpose of the study was to relate three determinants of distance running success, (a) maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), (b) ventilatory threshold (VT), and (c) running economy (RE), to actual running time in a 5-km race (ART). Twenty-four female runners (M age = 15.9 years) from four high school teams that competed at the Massachusetts All-State 5-km Cross Country Championship Meet and placed 1st, 7th, 19th, and 20th were tested in the laboratory. The mean VO2max of these runners was 61.7 ml.kg-1.min-1, HRmax 201 b.min-1, VEmax 100 L.min-1, and RER 1.10. The VT occurred at 79% of the VO2max, and HR of 184 b.min-1 (92% of HRmax). The velocity at VT (vVT) and velocity at VO2max (vVO2max) was correlated with ART, r(22) = .78 and .77 (p less than .001), respectively. The VO2 at VT and at maximal exercise was correlated with ART by r(22) = -.66 and -.69 (p less than .001), respectively. The VO2 at 215 m.min-1 (8 mph) was poorly related to ART, r(22) = -.05, p greater than .05. It was concluded that either of the derived variables vVT and vVO2max appear to explain significant variation in distance running performance among adolescent female cross country runners. 相似文献
16.
本实验通过对ＳＶ和Ａ－ＶＯ_２的同时测定，进一步探讨了ＶＯ_２的限定因素。结果显示：用快增及慢增负荷运动形式达４０％ＶＯ_（２ｍａｘ）时，快增负荷运动的Ａ－ＶＯ_２较大而慢增负荷运动的ＳＶ较大。因此，随运动方式不同ＶＯ_２的限定因素则有所改变。 相似文献
17.
Bartlett JD Close GL MacLaren DP Gregson W Drust B Morton JP 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(6):547-553
The aim of this study was to objectively quantify ratings of perceived enjoyment using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale following high-intensity interval running versus moderate-intensity continuous running. Eight recreationally active men performed two running protocols consisting of high-intensity interval running (6 × 3 min at 90% VO(2max) interspersed with 6 × 3 min active recovery at 50% VO(2max) with a 7-min warm-up and cool down at 70% VO(2max)) or 50 min moderate-intensity continuous running at 70% VO(2max). Ratings of perceived enjoyment after exercise were higher (P < 0.05) following interval running compared with continuous running (88 ± 6 vs. 61 ± 12) despite higher (P < 0.05) ratings of perceived exertion (14 ± 1 vs. 13 ± 1). There was no difference (P < 0.05) in average heart rate (88 ± 3 vs. 87 ± 3% maximum heart rate), average VO(2) (71 ± 6 vs. 73 ± 4%VO(2max)), total VO(2) (162 ± 16 vs. 166 ± 27 L) or energy expenditure (811 ± 83 vs. 832 ± 136 kcal) between protocols. The greater enjoyment associated with high-intensity interval running may be relevant for improving exercise adherence, since running is a low-cost exercise intervention requiring no exercise equipment and similar relative exercise intensities have previously induced health benefits in patient populations. 相似文献
18.
This study examined the effects of different work - rest durations during 40 min intermittent treadmill exercise and subsequent running performance. Eight males (mean +/- s: age 24.3 +/- 2.0 years, body mass 79.4 +/- 7.0 kg, height 1.77 +/- 0.05 m) undertook intermittent exercise involving repeated sprints at 120% of the speed at which maximal oxygen uptake (nu-VO2max) was attained with passive recovery between each one. The work - rest ratio was constant at 1:1.5 with trials involving short (6:9 s), medium (12:18 s) or long (24:36 s) work - rest durations. Each trial was followed by a performance run to volitional exhaustion at 150% nu-VO2max. After 40 min, mean exercise intensity was greater during the long (68.4 +/- 9.3%) than the short work - rest trial (54.9 +/- 8.1% VO2max; P < 0.05). Blood lactate concentration at 10 min was higher in the long and medium than in the short work - rest trial (6.1 +/- 0.8, 5.2 +/- 0.9, 4.5 +/- 1.3 mmol x l(-1), respectively; P < 0.05). The respiratory exchange ratio was consistently higher during the long than during the medium and short work - rest trials (P < 0.05). Plasma glucose concentration was higher in the long and medium than in the short work - rest trial after 40 min of exercise (5.6 +/- 0.1, 6.6 +/- 0.2 and 5.3 +/- 0.5 mmol x l(-1), respectively; P < 0.05). No differences were observed between trials for performance time (72.7 +/- 14.9, 63.2 +/- 13.2, 57.6 +/- 13.5 s for the short, medium and long work - rest trial, respectively; P = 0.17), although a relationship between performance time and 40 min plasma glucose was observed (P < 0.05). The results show that 40 min of intermittent exercise involving long and medium work - rest durations elicits greater physiological strain and carbohydrate utilization than the same amount of intermittent exercise undertaken with a short work-rest duration. 相似文献
19.
邱伯聪 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(1):123-125
采用文献资料法、实验法、统计比较法,以中长跑与羽毛球运动为例,进行运动减肥干预实验,比较其身体锻炼前后的身体形态指标变化情况,分析减肥效果的差异性。结果显示:中长跑与羽毛球运动均可减少腰腹部脂肪的堆积,使体重减轻,达到减肥效果,但羽毛球运动的减肥效果明显要优于中长跑。 相似文献