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目的:探讨某院呼吸内科老年患者下呼吸道感染革兰阴性菌的分布及其耐药性,指导临床治疗。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月-2014年12月老年患者下呼吸道感染染革兰阴性菌的分布及其耐药性;采用法国生物梅里埃公司全自动细菌鉴定仪VITEK2 compact进行菌株鉴定,采用K-B法进行药敏试验,按美国临床实验室标准化委员会(CLSI)2014年标准判读结果。结果:分离出的217株病原菌中,革兰阴性菌有156株(71.9%),前4位为肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌。肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林、庆大霉素及氨曲南的耐药率较高,分别为96.6%、88.1%、81.4%,对亚胺培南的耐药率为0。结论:老年患者下呼吸道感染以革兰阴性菌为主,临床上应根据药敏结果合理选用抗菌药物。 相似文献
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《西藏科技》2021,(8)
目的对西藏自治区人民医院2018年临床分离细菌对抗菌药物的耐药情况进行统计分析。方法剔除重复菌株后,共收集2035株分离菌。菌种鉴定采用法国梅里埃公司ATB鉴定系统,药敏试验采用纸片扩散法(K-B法),按2020年版美国国家临床实验室标准委员会(CLSI)的标准药敏判读,用WHONET5.6分析数据软件进行。结果共收集2035株非重复菌,革兰阳性菌占32.9%(671/2035),革兰阴性菌占67%(1364/2035),检出率53%为(MRSA),检出率为83%为(MRCNS),未发现万古霉素耐药屎肠球菌,未发现万古霉素和替考拉宁不敏感的葡萄球菌,革兰阴性菌的分离率在该院排名前五位的分别是:大肠埃希菌(386/1364,28.3%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(277/1364,20.3%)、流感嗜血杆菌(176/1364,12.9%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(159/1364,11.7%)、铜绿假单胞菌(104/1364,7.6%),肠杆菌属对碳青霉烯类、头霉素类、米诺环素和加酶抑制剂的抗菌药物敏感率较高,均高于80%,头孢噻肟和头孢曲松耐药率在50.0%以上,铜绿假单胞菌对碳青霉烯类耐药率大于10.0%,鲍曼不动杆菌对大多数抗菌药物耐药率超过70.0%,其中对亚胺培南的耐药率为74%.结论西藏自治区人民医院较全国其他省市相比,细菌耐药率整体较低于全国水平,但多重耐药和广泛耐药菌株仍有检出,对临床治疗造成严重威胁。本地细菌耐药监测结果进行充分利用,并对抗菌药物合理使用进行加强。 相似文献
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随着抗菌药物的研制开发和广泛应用,抗菌药物的过多、过滥和不合理应用越来越多,随之而来的药物不良反应和耐药菌的新课题,特别是药物不良反应给患者、家庭和社会带来的不良后果,必须引起医患双方的高度重视,并予以积极的防范。 相似文献
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《科学中国人》2016,(33)
目的:本次主要对医院感染细菌的分布情况与药敏检测的结果进行调查研究,对临床抗生素的合理使用进行指导,减少或避免耐药菌的发生。方法:选取我院2014年4月-2015年6月送检的感染性标本,采取细菌培养鉴定的方式对药敏试验的结果进行回顾性的调查分析。结果:325例患者的423份细菌标本中分离出340株革兰阴性的致病菌,以革兰氏阴性杆菌在所有微生物感染中占比最高,其中大肠埃希菌占比为21.18%,肺炎克雷伯菌占比为24.41%,此外,致病菌通常分布在新生儿科呼吸道的标本中。结论:在临床上,熟练掌握细菌的动态变迁,对耐药性持续进行检测,保证抗生素的合理使用,能够有效达到抗菌的目的,抑制耐药菌的出现。 相似文献
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细菌耐药性的发生和发展是抗生素广泛应用,特别是无指征滥用的结果.加强耐药菌监测、限制抗生素的滥用、阻止耐药传播、进一步深入研究细菌的耐药机制和从预防耐药性角度出发,不断研制和开发新的抗生素和非抗生素类抗菌药物,将成为今后的工作重点. 相似文献
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氨苄西林钠为广谱半合成青霉素类抗生素，对革兰阳性球菌和杆菌（包括厌氧菌）的抗菌作用基本与青霉素相同，对粪类球菌的作用较青霉素强。革兰阴性细菌中脑膜炎奈瑟菌、淋病奈瑟菌、流感嗜血杆菌、百日咳杆菌、布氏杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、沙门菌等皆对本品敏感。某些大肠埃希菌及某些志贺菌属也对本品敏感，但多数志贺菌对本品耐药，其他场杆菌科细菌、铜绿假单胞菌、脆弱拟杆菌等对本品耐药。本品对军团菌和胎儿弯曲杆菌有一定的抗菌作用。本品的作用机制是抑制细菌细胞壁的合成，使细菌迅速破裂溶解。为了严格控制产品质量，在残留溶剂项下增加了丙酮及二氯甲烷的测定，目前，中国药典还没有收录，根据现有的试验条件。采用气相色谱法对氨苄西林钠中的残留溶剂进行了研究分析。 相似文献
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本文旨在探讨鲍氏不动杆菌在医院感染的分布特征及耐药性,为预防感染和指导临床用药提供依据。选取了在2017年11月至2018年1月漯河市中心医院ICU病房患者标本中分离出的84株鲍氏不动杆菌,对其分布及耐药性进行了分析。结果发现,该菌耐药性严重,多重耐药菌珠为68株(81%)。耐药率较高的为氨苄西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢西丁、头孢唑林、氨曲南、呋喃妥因,分别为95.2%、94%、92.9%、90.5%、90.5%、92.9%。通过监测鲍氏不动杆菌的耐药性,实施有效预防及控制措施,防止多重耐药鲍氏不动杆菌医院感染流行。 相似文献
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病原微生物的耐药性变异已成为全球性问题,怎样防止微生物耐药性变异的继续蔓延是摆在我们面前的一个不可回避的现实问题。笔者建议采取以下措施来防止微生物耐药性变异的继续蔓延：①明确诊断、合理使用抗菌药物;②将药物敏感试验列为抗感染治疗前的常规检查项目;③严格掌握联合应用抗菌药物的指征;④体表局部感染应该强调早期局部用药：⑤严格控制预防使用和非医疗的农、林、牧、副、渔以及饲料中使用抗菌药物;⑥加强监控,掌握致病菌变化以及耐药情况,及时反馈临床。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献