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以西藏自治区扎囊县为例,探讨了高原温带半干旱地区藏南农牧区土地沙漠化的面积、类型、分布、危害与成因等。成因分析表明,区内沙漠化的产生与发展是由区内的自然沙漠化过程、气候干旱化加剧过程及人为加速过程共同决定的,是以气候变化为主并与人类活动等因素综合作用的产物。同时,还提出了若干沙漠化防治的对策与措施,包括合理利用耕地,提高土地生产率;发挥草地优势,合理利用草地资源;开展人工造林,建设防风固沙体系;分步分类实施,整治沙漠化土地;建立治沙机构,重视治沙技术的普及与推广。 相似文献
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基于指数法的陕西省耕地和粮食时空变化分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文尝试性地提出了相对粮食承载指数并结合李晓文等人提出的耕地变化强度指数，计算了陕西省101个县（区）2000年～2004年的耕地变化强度指数和相对粮食承载指数，分析了陕西省近年耕地和粮食生产时空差异：①陕西省近年人口增加，耕地减少，而粮食总产量和人均粮食占有量波动较大；②全省耕地变化空间差异显著，大部分县（区）耕地减少，少部分县（区）耕地有所增加或保持数量平衡；③以小康水平粮食标准400kg/人·年为参照，全省整体处于不足状态，101个研究县（区）中，有66个县（区）处于不足状态，1个县（区）处于临界状态，34个县（区）处于富余状态。针对陕西省耕地和粮食生产现状，应充分考虑区域差异，通过保护和合理利用现有的耕地、加强农业基础设施建设、改良品种、加强利用先进农业生产技术的应用、调整大农业结构等措施来提高粮食承载能力。 相似文献
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玉米叶绿素高光谱遥感估算模型研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
对不同品种玉米测定了不同层位叶片（上、中、下）以及叶片不同部位（叶尖、叶中、叶基和叶脉）的室内光谱反射率及其对应的叶绿素含量，采用单变量线性与非线性拟合分析技术，对叶绿素含量与原始光谱反射率、高光谱特征参数（如红边波长、红边位置以及红边面积等）以及植被指数之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明：叶绿素含量与原始光谱在713nm处具有最大相关系数（R=-0.815）．并且基于此波长所构建的指数估算模型明显优于线性模型；基于光谱位置和光谱面积的变量与叶绿素都呈负相关，植被指数与叶绿素含量均呈正相关，并且植被指数相关性优于单一的特征变量。比值植被指数（RVI）相关性优于归一化植被指数（NDVI）；模型精度检验结果表明以蓝边面积变量（SDb）为自变量所构建的指数模型对叶绿素含量估算较好。 相似文献
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本文探索北京地区SARS发病例数与气象因子间的相关关系，建立关键气象因子与发病例数间的数学模型，并进行SARS疫情气象危险度预测和报警分级。应用SPSS统计软件，将SARS发病例数与998个气象因子进行双变量相关分析，再将密切相关的气象因子与发病例数进行多元线性回归分析，用逐步回归法求出回归方程。相关分析表明，SARS发病与前期气象因子相关程度由大到小排列依次为：平均相对湿度、气温（最低气温、最高气温、平均气温）、平均风速、平均降水量、平均气压、平均云量、平均日较差；其中与平均相对湿度、气温、平均降水量、平均云量为负相关，与平均风速、平均气压、平均日较差为正相关；逐步回归法筛选出回归方程为：Y=218.692 – 0.698X630 – 2.043X716 + 2.282X921，决定系数R2 =0.847；建立了SARS发病气象危险度5级预警模型。结论是SARS发病与前期气象因子存在明显的相关关系, SARS的流行特点有季节倾向性；最关键气象因子依次为X630（前第13至第17天平均气温）、X716（前第13至第17天平均相对湿度）、X921（前第9至第13天平均风速）；SARS最易流行的气象条件为：平均气温16.9℃（95% CI 10.7-23.1），平均相对湿度52.2%（33.0-71.4），平均风速2.8m·s-1（2.0-3.6）。 相似文献
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目的 通过检测急性白血病（AL）患者静脉血清中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和 白细胞介素12（IL-12）的含量，探讨VEGF和IL-12在急性白血病中的含量及临床意义。方法 应用定量酶联免疫吸附实验测定10例初诊未治、10例缓解期、5例复发患者和9例正常对照血清中VEGF和IL-12的含量。结果 初诊未治组的VEGF含量（521.06±163.85pg/ml）明显高于缓解组（307.62±55.40pg/ml）及对照组（262.01±141.66pg/ml）（p均<0.05）。对照组的IL-12水平（58.96±38.11pg/ml）与初诊复发组（初诊未治组与复发组的合称32.51±14.58pg/ml）、缓解组（71.67±119.09pg/ml）之间均有显著性差异（p均<0.05）。正常对照组VEGF的含量与IL-12之间存在负相关性。结论 VEGF和IL-12与AL的病情变化有一定的关系。 相似文献
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乌审旗植被覆盖度动态变化及其与降水量的关系 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
利用GIMMS（Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies）数据集的8km的AVHRR NDVI（均一化植被指数）数据，分别用年最大NDVI的平均值和年最大NDVI的斜率对1981年～2003年23年间的内蒙古乌审旗植被覆盖度的空间分布及其动态变化进行了分析，并通过比较降水量与年最大NDVI的年际变化以及分析降水量与年最大NDVI之间的相关系数研究了降水对乌审旗植被覆盖的影响；利用1986年，1994年的TM和2002年的ETM+数据分析了乌审旗植被的主要变化类型。结果表明，这23年间植被覆盖度和降水量的年际变化趋势基本一致，年最大NDVI与前一年8月至当年7月的降水有最好的相关性，并且在地表覆盖为草地和灌木林地的地区，二者的相关性要高于地表覆盖为耕地和乔木林地的地区；植被覆盖度最低值分布在地表主要覆盖为沙地的乌审旗西北部，植被覆盖度最高值分布在地表覆盖为耕地的东南部；人类活动的积极影响使得植被覆盖度总的趋势是在增加的，但由于气候的干旱趋势使中部一些乡镇的植被覆盖度是在减少的，其余的地区都是在增大的，且变率很大。 相似文献
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报告１０８例病毒性肝炎患者血清总补体（ＣＨ＿（５０））和Ｃ＿３值的检测结果：急性肝炎的ＣＨ＿（５０）为６８．４±６．１３单位／ｍｌ，Ｃ＿３为１３０．２±６．６７ｍｇ％，均高于正常组（ＣＨ＿（５０）为４８．５±５．７５单位／ｍｌ，Ｃ＿３为１０２±５ｍｇ％），Ｐ＜０．０１；其他类型的肝炎患者组的补体均低于正常组，Ｐ＜０．０１．补体的含量与Ｔ细胞花环（Ｅｔ花环）呈中度相关，与ＧＰＴ呈高度相关，因此测定ＣＨ＿（５０）和Ｃ＿３可作为衡量患者机体免疫功能和判断病毒性肝炎预后的指标之一。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献