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基于企业资源观视角,本研究构建了技术能力和东道国市场经验影响企业国际许可中使用排他性策略的模型。以2002年至2011年中国知识产权局专利许可备案数据中收集到的529份境外企业对中国企业进行专利许可合同为样本,检验了许可企业的技术能力构成对其采取排他性许可的倾向的影响,以及东道国市场经验的调节作用。研究结果显示:企业技术能力越强,在国际许可中采取排他性许可的倾向越低;企业技术深度越大,在国际许可中采取排他性许可的倾向越低;东道国市场经验越丰富,企业技术能力与采取排他性许可的倾向间的负向关系越强;东道国市场经验越丰富,企业技术广度与采取排他性许可的倾向间的负向关系越强。 相似文献
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从技术知识属性的技术年龄、地理空间、认知距离三个维度,对中国企业外部技术选择的现状及其技术识别特征进行了实证分析。通过对1998—2012年中国专利实施许可数据的统计分析,得出结论:在技术年龄维度上,中国企业在选择外部技术时,更趋向于选择较为新颖的技术;在地理空间维度上,企业外部技术搜寻距离逐步缩短;在认知距离维度上,企业倾向于认知距离较长的技术。 相似文献
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利用2008—2012年我国高校专利许可数据研究我国高校专利许可现状。研究发现:(1)我国高校专利许可的数量与速度均取得较快发展,其中普通高校发展更为迅速;(2)高校技术产业化速度逐渐加快,且高校许可专利的科技含量较高;(3)高校专利许可的参与度逐渐提高,但总体上还较低,参与专利许可的高校主要分布于沿海经济发达地区。研究发现普通高校和重点高校的专利许可现状存在较大的差异,进一步从技术知识属性的3个维度,对我国普通高校与重点高校的高校专利许可情况进行了对比研究。研究发现:(1)重点高校与被许可人相隔的地理距离较普通高校远;(2)重点高校技术产业化速度较普通高校慢;(3)重点高校许可专利的认知距离较普通高远。基于此结论,提出对普通高校与重点高校具有针对性的政策建议。 相似文献
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通过对斯坦福大学与硅谷校企合作协同发展模式进行深刻研究,在详细考究这种协同发展模式的背景与特点的基础上,分析归纳斯坦福大学校企合作的成功要素,启示我们从斯坦福大学的校企合作模式中汲取经验,洋为中用,为我国高校开展校企合作提供参考,并提出中国高校企业合作的建议. 相似文献
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通过校企发明专利合作申请的统计,对比广东高校和企业在行政区内外校企合作创新网络的特点和差异,以期对现阶段广东校企产学研技术创新的功能定位及校企合作的紧密度和广度有一个总体认识。研究发现:广东校企技术合作呈现出有别于国内普遍规律的特点,企业参与主体以省内主导行业中的龙头企业为主,中小企业参与程度较低;合作对象主要是国内著名大学,与省内高校合作较少;合作创新的技术领域集中在电子通信行业。高校参与主体数量有限,合作对象以国企为多,但合作关系较为松散;合作的技术领域分散,与区域创新联结的规模和层次都比较低。中小企业自主创新能力不足和高校科研成果转化率偏低仍是广东校企产学研合作发展的瓶颈。 相似文献
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以浙江省高校126件已经获得许可实施的专利为研究对象,从专利研发投入、外部合作和专利技术特征等方面,实证分析了影响高校专利商业价值的关键因素.研究结果表明,研发力度大、校企合作、技术激进度低、具有过程创新特征的专利具有较高的商业价值,并且这一关系在统计上较为显著;借助代理机构进行专利研发和推广可以提高专利的商业价值,技术重要性程度对专利的商业价值也具有积极的影响,但是两者在统计上并不显著.研究结果对指导我国高校专利研发和实施具有重要的理论和现实意义. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(1):104372
Exclusivity is a key concern when designing a licensing contract, yet the organizational factors that influence the exclusive provision of university licenses remain underexplored. This study provides a deeper understanding of this question by developing a balanced framework that considers both licensors (universities) and licensees (companies) in licensing deals. Furthermore, we posit that university prestige affects both a university's ability to conduct non-exclusive licensing and a firm's incentive to obtain an exclusive license, thereby shaping their joint willingness to license (non-)exclusively. We also examine how technology transfer office (TTO) experience and prior collaboration between a university and a firm moderate this relationship. To test the hypotheses, we use a dataset consisting of 6653 licensed patents owned by 117 representative Chinese universities. We find that an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between university prestige and the likelihood that two parties choose exclusive licensing. Moreover, the moderating effect of TTO experience is partially supported while that of prior collaboration is fully supported. Our findings generate important implications for the relative social impacts of exclusive and non-exclusive licensing of technology inventions as well as the management of university licensing. 相似文献
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专利技术许可已经成为开放式创新时代企业获取创新利益的重要方式,而何时进行专利许可是企业面临的重要决策问题。本文根据专利的法律化过程将专利许可时间分为专利申请-公开之间、公开-授权之间以及授权后,重点考察不同创新规模条件下企业的专利许可时间决策差异。通过将专利公开效应与授权效应纳入到企业专利许可时间决策模型,从理论上推导出企业创新规模与专利许可时间决策的关系,即：（1）企业创新规模增加会导致专利申请-公开之间许可的概率增加;（2）企业创新规模增加会导致专利公开-授权之间许可的概率先增加后降低,即企业创新规模对专利公开-授权之间许可概率的影响呈倒U型;（3）企业创新规模增加会导致专利授权后许可的概率降低。然后,本文利用2001-2015年中国企业在国家知识产权局申请且第一次备案许可的11865条发明专利进行实证研究,结果验证了以上所有理论命题。本研究从理论上揭示了不同创新规模企业的专利许可时间决策机制,对我国企业技术转移策略选择以及技术转移政策设计具有重要实践启示。 相似文献
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高校科研人员专利行为对学术影响力的实证研究 《科学学研究》2021,39(9):1621-1631
当前我国高校科研人员的专利行为快速增长,如何有效平衡学术研究的公共属性和专利行为的私权属性是高校面临的重要问题。以2008-2017年112所“211”高校及省部级共建高校多专业科研人员的专利行为和学术影响力相关数据构建研究数据库,综合运用负二项回归和二元Logistics回归,实证分析高校科研人员专利行为在“申请-授权”和“授权-交易”两阶段特征对其学术影响力的影响效应。研究表明：高校科研人员的专利申请数量与学术影响力之间存在显著的倒U型关系,随着专利申请数的增加,学术影响力受到的正向影响会增加,当专利申请数达到年均35项左右时,出现负向影响;当高校科研人员采用独占许可进行专利交易时,学术影响力会受到显著的抑制效应。为我国高校专利的全过程管理和相关政策制定提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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周竺 《科学学与科学技术管理》2008,29(2):42-46
大学拥有专利技术但缺乏商业化能力,技术许可是大学向企业转移技术获取收益的主要方式,建立了一个模型,分析动态环境中信息不对称对大学选择技术许可对象和许可时机的影响,提出了大学的三种技术许可策略及实施条件. 相似文献
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Masayo KaniKazuyuki Motohashi 《Research Policy》2012,41(1):226-235
This paper provides an empirical analysis of the technology market for patents in Japan, by using a novel firm-level dataset that combines a Japanese Patent Office survey titled Survey of Intellectual Property Activities, the Institute of Intellectual Property patent database, and the Licensing Activity Survey conducted by the University of Tokyo. In this paper, we use a two-step model to estimate a firm's licensing propensities; the first step estimates the determinants of potential licensors (willingness to license) and the second step identifies the factors of the actual licensing out of technology (licensing propensity). We found that a significant number of patents held by firms are not licensed out, although the owners are willing to do so. Our econometric analysis reveals that a major factor behind this technology market imperfection is the potential licensors’ difficulty in finding licensing partners. 相似文献
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Robert Wilson 《Research Policy》1977,6(2):114-126
This paper summarizes recent empirical evidence on international licensing of technology and its determinants. Two empirical questions are treated. First, does evidence support a view that international licensing is more prevalent than domestic licensing? Second, what does the evidence imply about the causes of international versus domestic differences?Aggregate licensing data support the view of greater international than domestic licensing. This evidence is not conclusive, however, because the size of a country in relation to the rest of the world has an important influence on the data.Some evidence supports an ‘expansion constraint’ view that financial and organizational constraints are greater for overseas than domestic expansion and therefore licensing tends to be more popular internationally. More extensive evidence supports an additional view of the causes of international versus domestic licensing differences. This explanation, the ‘oligopoly’ view, is that firms seek to maintain segmented geographic markets by not licensing their technology to domestic competitors. Support for the ‘oligopoly’ view comes from our previous study of US licensing, from Japanese data, and from an independent British study. An interpretation of empirical results for Japan is that in other countries, notably the US, rival firms are unwilling to license their know-how and production secrets to each other for fear of losing their market position. There is, however, a valuable pool of technology which they could license, and in fact are willing to license to firms that aren't expected to be direct competitors. These licensees tend to be in foreign countries because the rivals' possibilities for expansion there are limited. 相似文献
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本文使用2008—2017年中国制造业上市企业专利许可数据,采用倾向值得分匹配倍差法考察了企业专利技术对外许可行为与自身创新能力发展的关系。研究发现：总体而言,中国制造业上市企业专利技术对外许可行为存在显著的自选择效应,创新能力越强的企业选择对外许可其专利使用权的可能性越大;控制自选择效应后,企业专利对外许可行为对自身创新能力的发展有长期促进作用。对不同技术类型企业研究发现,高、低技术产业企业的专利许可行为对其自身创新能力提升分别有长、短期促进作用,中技术产业企业的许可行为对企业创新能力发展则无显著影响。 相似文献
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Why do some universities generate more start-ups than others? 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The results of this study provide insight into why some universities generate more new companies to exploit their intellectual property than do others. We compare four different explanations for cross-institutional variation in new firm formation rates from university technology licensing offices (TLOs) over the 1994-1998 period—the availability of venture capital in the university area; the commercial orientation of university research and development; intellectual eminence; and university policies. The results show that intellectual eminence, and the policies of making equity investments in TLO start-ups and maintaining a low inventor’s share of royalties increase new firm formation. The paper discusses the implications of these results for university and public policy. 相似文献