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1.
海河流域与墨累-达令流域管理比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国海河流域和墨累-达令流域在水资源状况、用水结构、面临的环境问题等方面具有一定的相似性,对两国流域管理的不同方面开展比较研究,结果表明:①墨累一达令流域实行联邦政府、州政府、各地水管理局三级管理体制,合理、有效地促进流域管理的有效实施;海河流域实行多部门、多层次的流域管理体制,造成管理部门各自为政、分割管理的局面;②墨累-达令流域立法理念统筹考虑流域内的水、土和其他环境资源要素,使流域管理的各个方面都有法可依;而海河流域缺少流域综合管理的、可操作性的法律法规;③墨累-达令流域在政府有效调控下,通过完善的水权制度、规范的水市场建设.逐步实现水资源的优化配置;海河流域水资源分配则主要通过行政手段;④墨累-达令流域管理注重公众参与;海河流域管理中利益相关者参与流域管理的体系不健全.借鉴墨累-达令流域的成功管理经验,提出适合海河流域管理的政策建议:流域管理过程中倡导一体化的管理理念;构建符合中国实际情况的海河流域管理体系;建立、完善和实施流域管理法规体系;建立和完善符合中国实际的水资源市场运作体制;加强和完善公众参与机制. 相似文献
2.
淮河流域水环境承载能力计算系统的构建 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文介绍了淮河流域水环境承载能力计算系统的总体设计、承载力数学模型的建立、软件系统的结构及应用。研究中通过计算在维系“良好水环境状况”目标下流域所能承载的社会经济规模上限来得到流域水环境承载能力。在耦合了社会经济系统模型、水资源转化关系模型、水环境系统模拟模型的基础上利用数据库、地理信息系统、可视化编程技术将“社会经济—水资源—水环境”系统模型、生态需水量计算模型、以及水环境承载能力计量模型中众多的边界条件、控制条件、可变参数及成果分析进行系统集成。所建立的淮河流域水环境承载能力计算系统可有效地实现流域现状水环境承载能力的计算以及对未来不同时刻、不同频率来水条件下的承载力进行情景分析计算,为流域水环境承载能力管理提供决策支持。 相似文献
3.
转型期水资源配置的公共政策:准市场和政治民主协商 总被引：60，自引：1，他引：59
跨区域水资源分配是一种利益分配,本文从政治]经济学的视角提出“准市场”分配水资源的思路：（1）将流域水资源划分为生态水,基本用水和多样化用水三部分,生态水不容超采,基本用水流域人口均乘经,部分多样化用水进入市场交易。（2）成立由各地区参加的流域行政首长委员会,实行一省一票,多数决定,当各方对水资源分配争执不下,由中央或上级裁定,在平等参与的基础上建立规范的政治民主协商制度。（3）在逐步提高水价,降低供水的成本前提下,国家财政或国家投资对水利设施的直接补贴转向对贫困农民用户的补助,增加对中上游省份财政转移支付力度,加大国对大江大河源头地区生态环境建设投资。 相似文献
4.
基于WPI模型的赣江流域水资源贫困评价 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
以流域为单元对水资源贫困水平进行评价,可以为流域的可持续发展提供决策依据。本文以水贫困理论为基础,在调查和分析赣江流域水资源现状的基础上,应用WPI方法,从水资源状况、供水设施状况、资源利用能力、资源使用效率及资源利用对环境状况的影响五个方面选择16个指标,用主成分分析法确定指标权重构建综合指数模型,建立一套流域水资源贫困评价指标体系和评价模型,对赣江流域水资源贫困水平进行评估。评估结果表明,赣江流域水资源贫困状况有所改善,水环境质量呈逐年变好趋势,从水资源管理角度来看,环保投资指数成为影响水资源贫困水平的主要控制因子。 相似文献
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对干旱区流域水资源管理与流域生态环境建设的关系等问题进行了论证.对如何加强干旱区流域水资源管理,促进流域生态环境建设的整体优化,提出了设想和建议:(1)完善流域水法规建设,加强水行政执法;(2)加强流域域情的综合研究和规划工作,编制<流域综合治理规划>;(3)对流域水资源的开发利用进行宏观调控,以统筹各地区的利益;(4)强化流域水规划管理;(5)加强流域水量统一调度管理;(6)突出节水措施,促进流域经济向高效用水、高产出、高效益方向发展;(7)实施生态环境综合治理措施. 相似文献
6.
流域生态配水是近年来在生态需水这一热点研究领域基础上提出的问题，旨在通过向生态系统分配合理的水资源以达到保护和改善生态环境的目的。流域生态需水要求在实践中进行生态配水，而生态配水同时受到水资源总量的控制。本文简要介绍了流域生态配水的最新进展与动态，以及几种主要研究方法：制度配置、内因性配置、优化配置和协调配置。制度配置主要根据非科学技术手段对生态用水进行配置，内因性配置是根据生态系统自身需求进行生态配水，优化配置和协调配置则通过对生态－水资源－社会经济复合系统的优化或者协调进行生态配水。各种配置方法都有自己的优点，同时也对其中存在的问题进行了分析，其共同的缺点在于对生态－社会经济－水资源复杂系统的复杂性考虑不足，研究问题片面，这也成为生态配水研究需要解决的主要问题。在此基础上，本文探讨了流域生态配水研究的发展趋势，即以整体性思维为出发点，向综合性、全面性发展，形成流域生态配水的完整理论方法体系。 相似文献
7.
基于水足迹理论的九龙江流域水资源评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以虚拟水为基础的水足迹理论是一种全新的水资源概念,本文运用该理论对福建省九龙江流域进行了水足迹计算,并应用了水资源利用评价指标体系对水足迹计算结果进行评价,最后结合其他研究结论和水资源数据进行了比较分析。水足迹计算结果表明：九龙江流域人均水足迹计算值为1440.695m3/（capy）。水资源利用评价结果表明：流域水自给率为96.26%,进口依赖度仅为3.74%,对内部水资源依赖度较高;内部效益均不大,万吨水足迹人口密度为6.94人/万t,水足迹经济效益23.81元/m3,水足迹土地密度为36.4万m3/km2;水资源净贸易输出量为3.53亿m3,贡献率为3.80%,呈现较高的外向型;水资源匮乏指数为54%,水资源压力指数为57.80%。比较分析结果表明：水足迹计算值显著大于水资源公报数据,人均水足迹处于相对较高的水平,水匮乏度极低,水自给率较高。总体而言,九龙江流域水资源状况较为理想,但也面临巨大的压力和风险,因此需要加强水资源的科学管理,实现未来的可持续利用。 相似文献
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9.
近年来随着流域经济的不断发展,水环境污染和水资源短缺问题日益严重,为保护牡丹江流域的水环境,牡丹江城市断面水质量达标规划势在必行。 相似文献
10.
长江保护与发展:成就、问题与对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
过去50年,长江保护与发展取得了巨大成就,但也面临着流域经济增长方式粗放与布局不合理,流域资源环境瓶颈约束显现以及水资源、水灾害、水污染和水生态等四大水问题的困扰。统筹协调发展与保护的关系,创新流域管理体制与机制,是维护长江人水和谐的关键举措。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
16.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
17.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献