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1.
ABSTRACT

This study modelled children’s gross motor coordination, investigated sex-differences and identified the effects of fixed and dynamic correlates on motor coordination development. A total of 344 Portuguese children (170 girls), from 6 age cohorts (5 to 9 years of age), were followed consecutively for three years (age range 5 to 11 years) using a mixed-longitudinal cohort design. Birth weight, hand dominance and socioeconomic status (SES) were identified. Gross motor coordination, body mass index, physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) were assessed annually. A sequence of multilevel hierarchical linear models were developed. Model 1 found that age, age2, sex, sex-by-age and sex-by-age2 were significant predictors (p < 0.05) of gross motor coordination. Boys outperformed girls from 6 years of age onwards. Model 2 found a cohort effect (p < 0.05). Model 3 found that right handers were more coordinated (p < 0.05). When the confounders of body mass index, PF and PA were added to the model (Model 4) it was found that boys and girls had parallel trajectories in their gross motor coordination development. In conclusion children with increasing body mass index were less coordinated, while those who were stronger and more agile had steeper trajectories of gross motor coordination with age.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

Even though the effect of single components contributing to weight gain in children have been addressed only limited research is available on the combined association of sports participation, physical fitness and time spent watching TV with body weight in children. Baseline data from 1594 children (809 male; 785 female), 7.1±0.6 years of age participating in a large school-based intervention in southern Germany was used. Height and weight was measured and body mass index (BMI) percentiles (BMIPCT) were determined accordingly. Sports participation and time spent watching TV was assessed via parent questionnaire while fitness was determined via a composite fitness test. Combined and single associations of sports participation, TV time and fitness with BMIPCT and weight status were assessed via ANCOVA as well as logistic regression analysis, controlling for age and sex. A significant interaction of TV time, sports participation and fitness on BMIPCT occurred, despite low correlations among the three components. Further, there was a combined association of sports participation and TV time on BMIPCT. TV time and fitness were also independently associated with BMIPCT. Similarly, only increased TV time and lower fitness were associated with a higher odds ratio for overweight/obesity. These results underline the complex interaction of TV time, sports participation and fitness with BMIPCT. In children, TV time and fitness have a stronger influence on BMIPCT compared to sports participation. Sports participation, however, may not reflect overall activity levels of children appropriately. More research is necessary to examine the complex interaction of various behaviours and fitness with BMIPCT.  相似文献   

3.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the tracking of gross motor coordination (GMC) and to profile children at 6 years of age who consistently showed higher stability patterns in different levels of GMC. The participants were 245 children (123 boys and 122 girls) who were assessed longitudinally from 6 to 9 years of age. GMC was assessed using the Korperkoordinationtest fur Kinder (KTK) test battery. Anthropometry, physical activity, and health- and performance-related physical fitness were also measured. Cohen’s kappa (κ) was used to estimate tracking. Tracking was poor for all GMC tests (0.17 ≤ κ ≤ 0.38) and moderate for the GMC motor quotient (MQ) in both boys and girls (0.44 ≤ κ ≤ 0.45). Instability at the extremes was low in GMC tests and negligible for MQ. Children who consistently showed high GMC levels during the 4 years of follow-up were lighter, had lower body mass index and subcutaneous fat, and showed higher scores in physical fitness tests at 6 years of age than those who consistently had low GMC levels. In conclusion, GMC showed low-to-moderate tracking over time in childhood. However, children who consistently demonstrated high GMC levels over time had healthier profiles at 6 years of age.  相似文献   

4.
文章对健身街舞和篮球对女大学生身体和心理健康的影响进行了对比研究。将80名在校女大学生分为两组,分别进行为期12周,每周3次,每次60min的健身街舞和篮球训练,训练前后分别测定受试者皮脂厚度、肺活量和身体协调能力,并通过问卷调查了解受试者的心理状态。结果表明,女大学生的身体形态、机能和身体自尊及身体自我效能发生了不同程度的变化。健身街舞运动对女大学生皮脂厚度、身体协调能力、除身体状况外的身体自尊各维度的指标和身体自我效能的影响均大于篮球运动。大学体育课程女生项目设置可适当增加健身街舞运动。为优化女大学生运动健身方案的制定和大学体育课程教学内容的选择提供依据。  相似文献   

5.
Relationships between skeletal maturation and fundamental motor skills and gross motor coordination were evaluated in 429 children (213 boys and 216 girls) 7–10 years. Skeletal age was assessed (Tanner-Whitehouse 2 method), and stature, body mass, motor coordination (Körperkoordinations Test für Kinder, KTK) and fundamental motor skills (Test of Gross Motor Development, TGMD-2) were measured. Relationships among chronological age, skeletal age (expressed as the standardised residual of skeletal age on chronological age) and body size and fundamental motor skills and motor coordination were analysed with hierarchical multiple regression. Standardised residual of skeletal age on chronological age interacting with stature and body mass explained a maximum of 7.0% of the variance in fundamental motor skills and motor coordination over that attributed to body size per se. Standardised residual of skeletal age on chronological age alone accounted for a maximum of 9.0% of variance in fundamental motor skills, and motor coordination over that attributed to body size per se and interactions between standardised residual of skeletal age on chronological age and body size. In conclusion, skeletal age alone or interacting with body size has a negligible influence on fundamental motor skills and motor coordination in children 7–10 years.  相似文献   

6.
目的:分析青春期前期、中期和后期三个阶段青少年动作发展的趋势及性别差异,验证"青春期笨拙"现象是否存在,为青少年动作表现准确评估与有效训练提供依据。方法:选取处于青春期前期、中期和后期三个阶段的共302名青少年,采用BOT-2SF分别对其动作表现进行测试。测试包含4个维度8个指标:精细动作控制(精细动作准确性、精细动作整合)、手部协调(手灵巧度、上肢协调)、躯干协调(两侧协调、平衡)、力量与敏捷(速度和敏捷、力量)。结果:(1)测试总得分和具体指标(除平衡能力外)得分,阶段主效应显著,且青春期中期优于青春期前期;(2)性别主效应显著的指标有精细动作准确性、手灵巧度、上肢协调和力量;(3)性别和阶段交互效应显著的指标包含手灵巧度、跑步速度和灵敏性。结论:(1)整个青春期阶段男生、女生的动作表现均未呈现出暂时下降的现象,"青春期笨拙"现象并不存在;(2)动作表现在部分阶段的部分指标上存在性别差异。力量和上肢协调性方面,青春期三个阶段中男生都优于女生;精细动作准确性方面,青春期三个阶段中女生优于男生;手灵巧度方面,青春期中期女生优于男生;速度与敏捷方面,青春期后期男生优于女生;手灵巧度方面,青春期后期男生优于女生;(3)性别差异引起的动作表现随青春期的发展而逐渐增大。  相似文献   

7.
ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to determine the factors affecting sports involvement in a school-based adolescent population. The cross-sectional cohort study assessed anthropometry, physical capacities and motor competence in 501 boys (aged 10–16 y), from junior (10–12 y) and senior (13–16 y) cohorts. Sports participation data was collected from junior participants. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed moderate maturity, anthropometry, physical capacity and motor competence differences between sports in the senior cohort (F = 2.616, p < 0.001, η2 = .08), but not in the junior cohort. Furthermore, differences in physical fitness were revealed between playing levels (F = 2.616, p < 0.001, η2 = .08), with a discriminant analysis correctly classifying 73% of participants using aerobic fitness and vertical jump measures. Representative level participants engaged in more structured training and commenced organised competition at a later age (F = 4.332, p < 0.001, η2 = .21). This study’s findings are twofold: 1) physical and motor competence profiles differ more between sports with increasing age, and 2) participants at a higher level of competition report delayed engagement in their main sport. As a result, schools may be the ideal environment in which to provide children and adolescents with the opportunity to sample different sports.  相似文献   

8.
《Sport Management Review》2017,20(5):455-467
Given the recent economic crisis and the risen poverty rates, sports managers need to get insight in the effect of income and other socio-economic determinants on the household time and money that is spent on sports participation. By means of a Tobit regression, this study analyses the magnitude of the income effect for the thirteen most practiced sports by households in Flanders (the Dutch speaking part of Belgium), which are soccer, swimming, dance, cycling, running, fitness, tennis, horse riding, winter sports, martial arts, volleyball, walking and basketball. The results demonstrate that income has a positive effect on both time and money expenditure on sports participation, although differences are found between the 13 sports activities. For example, the effect of income on time and money expenditure is relatively high for sports activities like running and winter sports, while it is lower for other sports such as fitness, horse riding, walking and swimming. Commercial enterprises can use the results of this study to identify which sports to focus on, and how they will organise their segmentation process. For government, the results demonstrate which barriers prevent people from taking part in specific sports activities, based upon which they should evaluate their policy decisions.  相似文献   

9.
The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine the gross motor coordination performance levels of junior tennis players and (2) to analyse the effects of age and gender. Participants were junior male (n = 50) and female (n = 51) tennis players aged 6–14. Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) was used to assess the gross motor coordination of the participants. Results revealed that none of the participants performed lower than normal level in motor coordination. Besides, 40.6% of the participants performed above normal level. No gender differences were found on all subtests of KTK and also on total motor quotient. Although older players performed better on each test than their younger counterparts for the raw scores, no significant age effect was observed on motor quotient scores among different age groups.  相似文献   

10.
Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Flemish Sports Compass (FSC), a non-sport-specific generic testing battery. It was hypothesised that a set of 22 tests would have sufficient discriminant power to allocate athletes to their own sport based on a unique combination of test scores. First, discriminant analyses were applied to the 22 tests of anthropometry, physical fitness and motor coordination in 141 boys under age 18 (16.1 ± 0.8 years) and post age at peak height velocity (maturity offset = 2.674 ± 0.926) from Flemish Top Sport Academies for badminton, basketball, gymnastics, handball, judo, soccer, table tennis, triathlon and volleyball. Second, nine sequential discriminant analyses were used to assess the ability of a set of relevant performance characteristics classifying participants and non-participants for the respective sports. Discriminant analyses resulted in a 96.4% correct classification of all participants for the nine different sports. When focusing on relevant performance characteristics, 80.1% to 97.2% of the total test sample was classified correctly within their respective disciplines. The discriminating characteristics were briefly the following: flexibility in gymnastics, explosive lower-limb strength in badminton and volleyball, speed and agility in badminton, judo, soccer and volleyball, upper-body strength in badminton, basketball and gymnastics, cardiorespiratory endurance in triathletes, dribbling skills in handball, basketball and soccer and overhead-throwing skills in badminton and volleyball. The generic talent characteristics of the FSC enable the distinction of adolescent boys according to their particular sport. Implications for talent programmes are discussed.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of motor coordination (MC), physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) on the development of subcutaneous adiposity in a sample of children followed longitudinally from 6 to 10 years of age. Participants were 142 girls and 143 boys. Height, weight, and the triceps and subscapular skinfolds were measured annually between the ages of 6 and 10 years. PA was estimated with the Godin–Shephard questionnaire. MC was evaluated with the Körperkoordination Test für Kinder (KTK) test battery, and PF was assessed with four Fitnessgram tests: curl-ups (CU), push-ups (PU), trunk-lifts (TL) and one mile run/walk (MRW). Hierarchical linear modelling with MC, PF items and PA as predictors of the sum of two skinfolds (SKF) was used. The results showed that boys and girls differed significantly in SKF at baseline (girls: 19.7 mm; boys: 16.6 mm). Three PF items (CU, PU and MRW) and MC had a positive influence on SKF. For each unit improvement in CU, PU, MRW and MC, SKF was reduced by 0.06, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.12 mm, respectively. In conclusion, motor coordination, muscular strength and endurance, and aerobic endurance attenuated the accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue during childhood.  相似文献   

12.
探讨幼儿足球对幼儿粗大动作发展水平的影响,为干预幼儿粗大动作发展提供依据。选取嘉兴市108名5~6岁幼儿为受试对象,以班级为单位随机分为干预组与对照组。干预组进行12周幼儿足球游戏活动教学,2次*40min/周;对照组幼儿为静态性的课堂班级活动。干预前后采用PGMQS测量幼儿位移能力、操控能力及平衡能力。采用独立样本t检验、配对样本t检验及协方差分析两组幼儿前后测结果的差异性。结果显示:①干预前,两组幼儿粗大动作发展水平无显著性差异(P>0.05);干预后,两组幼儿粗大动作发展水平存在显著性差异(P<0.05),干预组高于对照组。②干预组和对照组幼儿后测结果与前测结果间均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),后测结果高于前测。研究结果表明幼儿粗大动作发展存在延长效应,但结构化幼儿足球游戏活动明显提高了幼儿粗大动作发展水平。因此建议抓牢幼儿早期动作发展的敏感期,以动作发展为主线科学设计幼儿足球游戏活动并保证活动的顺利开展,为幼儿健康、全面发展奠定良好的基础。  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

Childhood physical fitness relative to adult health outcomes coupled with scant longitudinal research indicates that tracking of fitness components throughout childhood/adolescence is imperative. The study examined the stability/tracking of 9 measures of fitness for boys and girls at 5 points throughout childhood/adolescence. Tracking coefficients between individual fitness measures at various age comparisons were calculated. Using a sample with recorded data at 4 time-points, tertiles (high, moderate, low) were calculated for each fitness measure for boys and girls. Stability of fitness measures was calculated. Boys outperformed girls on fitness measures at most time points. Significantly low to moderately high tracking coefficients for each fitness measure at all time points for boys (r = .21-.79) and girls (r = .23-.89) were found. Tertile ratings remained stable across the 4 time-points. Findings highlight the importance of developing healthy fitness behaviors early in life and the significance of intervention during adolescence in low-fit youth.  相似文献   

14.
通过对100名幼儿进行气质类型和粗大动作发展水平测试，探讨3~6岁幼儿的气质类型与粗大动作发展特征及其相互关系。结果：（1）气质偏积极型的幼儿在粗大动作发展较好水平组的分布率较高，气质偏消极型的幼儿在粗大动作发展较差水平组的发生率较高；（2）两种气质类型幼儿在操作动作得分中存在差异，气质偏积极型幼儿的操作动作得分高于气质偏消极型的幼儿；（3）幼儿气质维度得分与粗大动作得分之间存在相关性，且此相关性在男、女幼儿中有显著性差异。结论：（1）气质偏积极型幼儿的操作动作发展好于气质偏消极型的幼儿；（2）幼儿气质维度与粗大动作发展水平之间存在相关性，且此相关关系具有性别差异。  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

The data for 40 variables were obtained from 81 Purdue University faculty sons between 10 and 12 years of age inclusive. Among the 40 variables, 680 correlation coefficients were obtained. Factor analysis was used to identify the factors which could explain the items measuring body composition and motor aptitude. As a result, eight factors were isolated and given names. The factors underlying the 40 variables seemed to permit the following names: growth and maturity factor, “body fitness” factor, body balance on object factor, coordination of the lower extremities factor, general kinesthetic sense factor, general static balance factor, directionality factor, and laterality factor. Observing the factor loadings in Factor I, it may be concluded that the measurement of lean body weight by liquid scintillation counting technique is significant in the assessment of growth and maturity in preadolescent boys. Furthermore, in the assessment of “body fitness” pertaining to preadolescent boys, it is revealed that the percent lean body weight is the most important item as indicated by the value of factor loading presented in Factor II.  相似文献   

16.
我国体育彩票公益金的使用模式   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  
通过对我国体育彩票历年发行收入进行统计分析,认为我国在体育彩票公益金使用上存在目标偏差:一是多锦上添花少雪中送炭;二是使用绩效不明显.在此基础上结合国外体育彩票公益金的使用模式,对我国体育彩票公益金的使用模式进行了重新定位:通过上缴财政来满足其他公益事业利益的需要,既能得到民众的认可,又可满足体育事业发展的需要.  相似文献   

17.
苏州市社区体育健身设施现状调查与分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
社区体育健身场所是城市基础建设的重要组成部分,体育场地设施是社区居民进行体育活动的空间条件,健身设施的完善、合理配置以及与周围环境的协调会增加社区居民锻炼的热情,对体育锻炼有现实的效果。  相似文献   

18.
运动员协调能力的竞技价值之探讨   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
协调能力是运动员的一种综合性运动素质,其竞技价值早已超越人们目前的想象。协调能力作为运动员竞技能力的"融合剂",可促进体能、技能和心理能力训练的效果。通过"运动协调"与其它运动素质、运动技能、心理因素之间的相互关系,着重从理论方面阐述协调能力对改正错误动作,促进动作技能之间的正迁移,加快建立动力定型,减少运动损伤,延长运动寿命,弥补比赛时因心理紧张而造成的动作变形,确保运动员在比赛中的正常发挥等方面的竞技价值。  相似文献   

19.
北京市全民健身路径使用情况调查   总被引：18，自引：4，他引：14  
采用多级、整群抽样的方法 ,对北京城区 190例利用全民健身路径锻炼居民的健身情况和全民健身路径的使用情况进行了调查。结果显示 :经常参加锻炼的居民占 5 7.4 % ,偶尔参加锻炼的占 34.7% ,年龄间差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,参加锻炼的中老年人明显高于中青年 ;居民的健身多以简便、易学的方式为主 ;中老年人和中青年对全民健身路径的看法不同 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,多数老年人对器械满意 ;很多人不知道器械的使用方法 ,并且有一定的危险性 ,原因有无人管理、无保护措施、设计不合理等 ;锻炼者中患各种慢性疾病的人很多 ,需要专业人员给予指导。  相似文献   

20.
Abstract High physical fitness in childhood and adolescence is positively associated with favourable health-related outcomes. Our aim was to examine the relationship between relatives' (father, mother, brother, sister, and best friend) physical activity engagement and encouragement on adolescents' physical fitness. Adolescents were part of the HELENA study, a multi-centre study conducted in 10 cities from nine European countries in 2006-2008. Participants were 3288 adolescents (48% boys, 52% girls) aged 12.5-17.5 years with valid data on at least one of the three fitness variables studied: muscular strength (standing long jump), speed/agility (4×10 m shuttle run), and cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m shuttle run). The adolescents reported their relatives' physical activity engagement and encouragement. Analysis of covariance showed that relatives' physical activity engagement (father, mother, brother, and best friend) was positively related to cardiorespiratory fitness (P?相似文献   

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