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目的:探讨20-69岁人群血压以及不同BMI、腰围、腰臀比水平等与血压值和高血压检出率的关系。方法:取52614例2010年国民体质监测中成年人组、老年人组调查资料,统计年龄、性别、城乡种类、BMI、腰围、腰臀比、收缩压、舒张压、脉压、体质评分等指标并进行分析。结果:血压值与年龄、性别、城乡种类、BMI、腰围、腰臀比、体质评分关系密切(P<0.01);收缩压、舒张压、脉压随着年龄的增长而增加,男子的血压值显著高于女子(P<0.01);乡村居民的血压值高于城市体力劳动者(P<0.01),城市体力劳动者血压值高于城市非体力劳动者(P<0.01);体质未合格组的血压值高于体质合格、良好、优秀组(P<0.01);以BMI分类人群的血压值依次是肥胖﹥超重﹥正常﹥偏轻(P<0.01);腰围超标和腰臀比超标人群的血压值显著高于正常人群(P<0.01)。高血压总检出率为17.4%,男性为20.53%,女性为14.44%,男子的检出率高于女子(P<0.01);在体重正常、超重、肥胖组之间检出率差异显著(P<0.01);腰围和腰臀比超标者检出率高于正常者(P<0.01);在不同体质等级之间高血压检出率差异显著(P<0.01)。结论:血压值随年龄、体重增长,并呈现明显的性别、体型、体质等级、城乡差异;高血压检出率与性别、体重、体型、体质有密切关系,控制体重和腰围,增强体质,是非药物降低血压值、防治高血压的重要措施。 相似文献
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目的：了解中老年健身人群的高血压发病率,分析其不同血压水平的体质特征,了解其高血压运动处方的认识,为制定有针对性的运动干预对策提供科学的依据。方法：依据高血压诊断标准,将受试对象分为正常血压组、轻度高血压组和中重度高血压组。按照体质监测标准测试形态学、机能学、身体素质及派生的体质指标,同时对高血压运动处方的认识进行问卷调查。结果：606名受检对象中,轻度高血压检出人数为119人,检出率为19.6%;中重高血压检出人数为115人,检出率为18.9%。形态指标测试发现,除身高外,其他指标轻度高血压与中重度高血压组均高于正常血压组,组间差异意义显著（P〈0.05）;机能与素质检测结果证实,轻度高血压与中重度高血压组均显著低于正常血压组,同时中重度高血压组还低于轻度高血压组。组间差异意义显著（P〈0.05）。问卷调查显示：正常、轻度高血压与中重度高血压组中能正确说出高血压运动处方的分别为13.49%、20.14%和27.51%,其中74.83%的人不知道如何控制运动强度。结论：中老年运动健身人群高血压检出率仍然很高;不同血压水平人群间的体质存在明显差异,在中老年健身人群中对高血压运动处方的认识严重不足。 相似文献
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目的：通过对长沙市60-69岁年龄段的老年人群体质指数分布特征及相关因素进行分析,计算出此类人群的超重率和肥胖率发展趋势,为进一步开展老年人群超重与肥胖的防治,并采取有效的干预措施提供科学依据。结果：该群体的平均体重指数为23.80kg/m2,高于全省均值水平,人群中BMI指数正常的占49.13%,体重过低者占4.13%,超重率37.25%,肥胖率9.5%。BMI指数越高,高血压、高血脂症、糖尿病、冠心病等相关疾病患病率也越高,人群中高血压患者所占比率最高。结论：该群体超重和肥胖人群已接近总人口的50%,体重问题已成为影响老年人健康的重要隐患,防治工作迫在眉睫。 相似文献
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目的:基于脉搏波传导速度(PWV)与血压、超重和肥胖等形态、机能指标相关性研究,探讨PWV在体质综合评价中的应用价值。方法:回顾性研究,在常规体质检测基础上,测量4下文522例普通居民肱踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)评价动脉僵硬度。主要处理方法:1)通过血压各指标对baPWV评价的动脉硬化受试者工作(ROC)曲线、高血压和动脉硬化阳性率一致性Kappa检验等分析血压和baPWV相关性;2)logistic逐步回归(校正年龄、性别、高血压)分析超重、肥胖与baPWV关系,根据ROC曲线计算BMI预测动脉硬化的最佳切点。结果:1)江苏人群男性baPWV均值为1 383±237 cm/s,女性1 278±246 cm/s;baP-WV随着年龄增加而增高;2)高血压、正常高值血压人群的baPWV均高于正常人;控制年龄和性别因素,收缩压、舒张压、脉压与PWV均呈显著正相关,动脉硬化ROC曲线均有较好的预测价值,P<0.001;但是高血压和动脉硬化阳性诊断一致性检验Kappa系数=0.402,以高血压的诊断标准区分人群预测动脉硬化灵敏度只有36%,特异度较高为97.8%;3)超重、肥胖人群baPWV、动脉硬化发生率均显著... 相似文献
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由于高血压人群逐年呈现年轻化趋势,为了探索高血压对中青年教师的状况影响,本课题基于陕西体育科学研究所的"三秦行"国民体质测试活动,通过血压测量的方式对3492名延安的中小学教师进行体质健康抽查,然后各个级别血压随机挑选15人,对其体质健康的成绩进行统计分析.结果表明:延安地区中青年教师高血压状况呈现攀升趋势;体重、肺活量指数、台阶指数、纵跳、坐位体前屈、握力、单脚站立、俯卧撑/仰卧起坐单项测试成绩高血压组与正常组发生显著性差异,从而影响了高血压组体质测试的整体成绩.结论:高血压是导致中青年体质测试成绩不理想的重要原因之一;会随着年龄的增加高血压人群的各项评测分数均呈现递减趋势. 相似文献
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温州地区民营企业家健康状况与体育锻炼行为 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对温州地区87名28~59岁的民营企业家的健康情况、生活方式、体育锻炼行为等进行调查分析。结果表明:温州地区民营企业家健康状况不容乐观,所患疾病前6位的是高血脂、高血压、糖尿病、泌尿系统疾病、脂肪肝和慢性肝炎(人均患病率达3.13次)。体质测试总体合格率为67.82%,低于全国合格率(71.40%)和浙江省的平均水平(79.70%)。大多数民营企业家生活方式不科学,参加体育锻炼少。建议民营企业家要改正不良生活习惯,重视身体健康及卫生知识方面的教育,积极地参加体育锻炼。 相似文献
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运动处方对糖尿病高危人群血糖、血脂与体质指标的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用跟踪实验法观察24周运动处方锻炼对糖尿病高危人群血糖、血脂与体质指标的影响。结果,糖尿病高危患者锻炼后,体重、体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比、收缩压和静态心率均显著减少(P<0.05),肺活量、握力、座位体前屈显著增加(P<0.05);空腹血糖、葡萄糖负荷试验2h后血糖、糖化血红蛋白(GHbA1c)、血清甘油三酯、血清总胆固醇(TC)和血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均显著降低(P<0.05),血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)却显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:长期、系统、有针对性的运动处方锻炼可显著改善糖尿病高危人群的血糖、血脂和体质指标,对患者增强体质和预防糖尿病的发生有重要作用。 相似文献
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采用体质测定、问卷调查、文献资料法对居住在海拔1100-2000m高度的甘肃亚高原城乡居民的健康状况进行研究,结果显示:亚高原城乡居民的身体形态和体质状况较好,男性身材高大健硕,女性身形高挑丰满。心肺功能突出,爆发力、力量耐力、平衡能力较差,亚高原特征突出。亚高原城乡居民的体质状况随年龄增长呈现下降趋势,城镇好于乡村。1/3的城乡居民患有各种非传染性慢性疾病,随年龄增长慢性疾病的患病率呈增高趋势。甲乙类传染病发病率高,主要慢性病为高血压、颈椎病、骨关节疾病、高血脂、消化性溃疡、糖尿病、冠心病,循环系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、肿瘤是死亡的主要因素。 相似文献
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More than 1 million Canadian adults play recreational ice hockey. Compared to elite players, very little is known about the physical and health characteristics of people who play the game for fun. Analyzing data from Statistics Canada’s 2011/12 Canadian Community Health Survey, the paper found that there is an association between physically active males age 35 or over who play ice hockey regularly (at least once a week) and enhanced health more so than other physically active males. While these players are larger in body size, they have significantly lower rates of diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease and report significantly higher rates of self-assessed health. Given the potential health benefits associated with this high intensity sport, the paper discusses ways in which participation can be promoted among less physically active adults and people who are new to the game or who have historically lower levels of participation including women and recent immigrants. Finally, the paper argues that compared to the very high costs associated with child and youth hockey, participation in adult recreational ice hockey is quite affordable. 相似文献
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Morrow JR Krzewinski-Malone JA Jackson AW Bungum TJ FitzGerald SJ 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2004,75(3):231-237
Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, and some cancers. Approximately 950,000 Americans die annually from cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether American adults know which traditional and lifestyle physical activities affect health and how they should be physically active to achieve a health benefit. Secondary purposes were to determine whether this knowledge is a function of gender, ethnicity, education, or age and if those who are sufficiently active for a health benefit possess different knowledge levels than those not sufficiently active for a health benefit. Items based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American College of Sports Medicine principles included knowledge of exercise guidelines and traditional and lifestyle physical activities. This information was obtained from 20 questions that were part of a national random telephone survey of 2,002 American households in the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia. Respondents were most aware of traditional physical activities (M = 94%) that provide a health benefit and less aware of specific exercise guidelines (M = 68%) and lifestyle physical activities (M = 71%) that can result in a health benefit. Knowledge was not related to physical activity behavior sufficient for a health benefit and only slightly related to ethnicity, education, and age. These data suggest that physical activity knowledge alone is not sufficient to elicit a behavior; however, it provides educators with an understanding of the public's physical activity knowledge that could be helpful in developing health promotion and physical activity interventions. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2022,11(6):648-655
Physical inactivity is a well-established risk factor for chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. There is a growing awareness that physical inactivity should also be regarded as a risk factor for acute respiratory infections (ARIs). ARIs, such as the common cold, influenza, pneumonia, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are among the most pervasive diseases on earth and cause widespread morbidity and mortality. Evidence in support of the linkage between ARIs and physical inactivity has been strengthened during the COVID-19 pandemic because of increased scientific scrutiny. Large-scale studies have consistently reported that the risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes is elevated in cohorts with low physical activity and/or physical fitness, even after adjusting for other risk factors. The lowered risk for severe COVID-19 and other ARIs in physically active groups is attributed to exercise-induced immunoprotective effects, including enhanced surveillance of key immune cells and reduced chronic inflammation. Scientific consensus groups, including those who submitted the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, have not yet given this area of research the respect that is due. It is time to add “reduced risk for ARIs” to the “Exercise is Medicine” list of physical activity-related health benefits. 相似文献
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太极拳和健身气功·八段锦对中老年人血脂影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高脂血症是引发冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（CHD）的主要危害因素之一,而中老年是高脂血症的多发人群。大量研究证实,民族传统健身运动中的太极拳和健身气功·八段锦属于中低强度的有氧健身运动,可以大大改善中老年血脂状况。文章采用文献资料的研究方法,综述了太极拳和八段锦运动能够有效的降低中老年人血脂中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）及提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）的含量,减少中老年人患高血脂症的发病率。 相似文献
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从身体活动对慢性疾病预防和控制功效的视角,从身体活动对不同年龄群体的生理退化速率、死亡率、疾病发生率、心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症、骨质疏松症、心理健康的影响等方面对国外相关研究进行梳理,对国外身体活动负荷标准的研究进行归纳,重点分类归纳了预防慢性疾病发生的成年人(18～65岁)、老年人(65岁以上)和已患慢性疾病群体控制疾病发展的不同群体间身体活动的适宜负荷方式和剂量,对身体活动与慢性疾病的研究做出了展望。 相似文献
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目的:了解高校青年教师的身心健康状况,为进一步研究高校教师的身体状况提供基础。方法:选取47名湖北省某普通高校人才引进的青年教师进行体质测试和心理问卷调查,利用统计方法分析该群体的身心状况。结论:新入职青年教师总体健康、情绪角色功能、心理健康较差,在学历、性别、婚姻状况方面整体不具有差异性,但结婚可以提高青年教师的社会功能;在超重或肥胖率上存在严重风险;在安静心率和血压方面存在风险;身体素质较同龄全国标准其他成年人群有差距,如柔韧性和平衡性不好、力量弱等体质问题。 相似文献
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高原地区人群体质监测结果及研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
依据《2 0 0 0年全国国民体质监测手册》的规定 ,在青海省的 1 0个州 (市 )、县进行了幼儿( 3～ 6岁 )、成年人 ( 2 0～ 5 9岁 )、老年人 ( 6 0～ 6 9岁 ) 3个不同年龄段人群的体质测试。结果表明 :城市 3个不同年龄段人群的体质好于农村 3个年龄段不同人群 ;青海省成年人和老年人因疾病住院治疗的比率排序位为 :消化系统疾病 >意外伤 >呼吸系统疾病 >心血管疾病 ;成年人体育健身意识薄弱 ,参加体育锻炼的人比率小 ;成年人吸烟人数比率高 ,达到 2 7.4 % ,并在 3 9岁之前吸烟人数呈增长趋势 相似文献
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It is clear that, despite their natural tendencies, children have become less physically active in recent decades, with children today expending approximately 600 kcal· day -1 less than their counterparts 50 years ago. Although the health consequences of a reduced energy expenditure in adults is well documented, there is little direct evidence linking sedentariness with health in children. However, three main benefits arising from adequate childhood physical activity have been postulated. The first is direct improvements in childhood health status; evidence is accumulating that more active children generally display healthier cardiovascular profiles, are leaner and develop higher peak bone masses than their less active counterparts. Secondly, there is a biological carryover effect into adulthood, whereby improved adult health status results from childhood physical activity. In particular, childhood obesity may be a precursor for a range of adverse health effects in adulthood, while higher bone masses in young people reduce the risk of osteoporosis in old age. Finally, there may be a behavioural carryover into adulthood, whereby active children are more likely to become more active (healthy) adults. However, supporting evidence for this assertion is weak. Given this background, recent health guidelines suggesting that children should accumulate 60 min of moderate-intensity physical activity every day - supplemented by regular activities that promote strength flexibility and bone strength - appear to be justified. Future developments should include the implementation of large-scale, longitudinal studies spanning childhood and young adulthood, the further refinement of tools for measuring physical activity accurately in young people, and research into the relative strength of association between fitness - as well as activity - and health in children. 相似文献
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Gary O'Donovan Anthony J. Blazevich Colin Boreham Ashley R. Cooper Helen Crank Ulf Ekelund 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):573-591
Absract Our understanding of the relationship between physical activity and health is constantly evolving. Therefore, the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences convened a panel of experts to review the literature and produce guidelines that health professionals might use. In the ABC of Physical Activity for Health, A is for All healthy adults, B is for Beginners, and C is for Conditioned individuals. All healthy adults aged 18–65 years should aim to take part in at least 150 min of moderate-intensity aerobic activity each week, or at least 75 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week, or equivalent combinations of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activities. Moderate-intensity activities are those in which heart rate and breathing are raised, but it is possible to speak comfortably. Vigorous-intensity activities are those in which heart rate is higher, breathing is heavier, and conversation is harder. Aerobic activities should be undertaken in bouts of at least 10 min and, ideally, should be performed on five or more days a week. All healthy adults should also perform muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days a week. Weight training, circuit classes, yoga, and other muscle-strengthening activities offer additional health benefits and may help older adults to maintain physical independence. Beginners should work steadily towards meeting the physical activity levels recommended for all healthy adults. Even small increases in activity will bring some health benefits in the early stages and it is important to set achievable goals that provide success, build confidence, and increase motivation. For example, a beginner might be asked to walk an extra 10 min every other day for several weeks to slowly reach the recommended levels of activity for all healthy adults. It is also critical that beginners find activities they enjoy and gain support in becoming more active from family and friends. Conditioned individuals who have met the physical activity levels recommended for all healthy adults for at least 6 months may obtain additional health benefits by engaging in 300 min or more of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week, or 150 min or more of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity each week, or equivalent combinations of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activities. Adults who find it difficult to maintain a normal weight and adults with increased risk of cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes may in particular benefit from going beyond the levels of activity recommended for all healthy adults and gradually progressing towards meeting the recommendations for conditioned individuals. Physical activity is beneficial to health with or without weight loss, but adults who find it difficult to maintain a normal weight should probably be encouraged to reduce energy intake and minimize time spent in sedentary behaviours to prevent further weight gain. Children and young people aged 5–16 years should accumulate at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per day, including vigorous-intensity aerobic activities that improve bone density and muscle strength. 相似文献