共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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我国甲A足球运动员平原及高原训练时血清睾酮、红细胞有形成分和心血管机能反应特点 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
张立 《武汉体育学院学报》2000,34(1):104-107
与平原相比我国足球运动员高原训练血清睾酮无明显变化,血液有形成份中RBC、HB和RBC平均体积及RBC体积分布宽度显著性增加。中等强度运动时高原心率反应大于平原,而大强度运动时则低于平原心率反应,同时12min跑成绩也劣于平原。说明RBC、HB的增加是单纯高原轻度缺氧所致,限制高原大强度运动能力的因素仍然是心血管机能。 相似文献
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足球运动员高原及平原长距离匀速耐力跑时心率漂移现象的观察与分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
张立 《武汉体育学院学报》2001,35(4):34-37
研究目的是观察平原及高原匀速耐力跑时足球运动员心车漂移现象及不同运动能力的运动员之间心率漂移的差异，分析不同耐力水平运动员心率漂移的变化对运动能力的影响。研究结果表明足球运动员平原及高原匀速耐力跑时无论是在平原还是在高原所有受试者都不同程度地出现心率漂移现象。但高原各心半指标均高于平原。不同运动能力受试者所存在妁心率漂移现象差异在一定程度上反映了最大摄氧能力差异。但心率漂移现象作为评定呼吸和循环系统机能妁指杯还需有更多妁其他生理指标支持。 相似文献
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世居高原运动员有较好的耐缺氧能力,为探讨他们上到更高高原训练身体机能状态变化的规律,对13名世居昆明(1890m)的男、女自行车运动员到更高海拔地香格里拉(3200m)的训练进行研究,分析训练安排、运动员身体机能变化以评价训练效果。研究表明,世居高原运动员更高高原训练的安排基本与平原运动员高原训练一致;更高海拔训练时,在合理的训练安排下,运动员的尿常规、血红蛋白、血清肌酸激酶、血尿素、血乳酸等指标随训练负荷的变化在正常范围内波动,与平原运动员的高原训练变化规律基本相同;高原训练过程中,运动员红细胞和血清睾酮水平先升后降,训练后较之前有上升,白细胞趋于下降,可能是高原缺氧和训练安排的综合影响造成。结论世居高原自行车运动员已经适应高原环境,上更高海拔训练是承受更大缺氧刺激,提高机体机能水平的有效方法;经过多次更高海拔的训练,自行车运动员的缺氧适应会逐渐提高。建议以后的实践中大胆增加运动负荷,以期取得更好的训练效果。 相似文献
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高原女子中长跑运动员海拔2260m～3150m地区交替训练的研究 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
对７名世居高原２２６０ｍ的女子中长跑运动员,选择海拔３１５０ｍ作为更高梯度进行交替训练（６周８次,每次２４ｈ）以及下平原训练（３周）的研究,测试结果显示：经海拔２２６０ｍ～３１５０ｍ交替训练后,ＶＯ２ｍａｘ、ＡＴＶ以及血象值有所提高,表明有氧能力是到提高,经高原交替训练下到平原,在运动能力和某些运动生理指标上,平与原运动员和未进行高原交替训练的相比,存在着时态上的差异。高原运动员经交替训练下到平原 相似文献
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本文通过青海业余运动员云南昆明比赛期间晨静息心率、晨空腹体重和问卷调查的分析,发现：高原地区运动员即使向高原地区较低海拔移动较少的高度,也会产生有利于心血管方面的影响,运动员本体感觉好于原居住地;返回原居住地后,缺氧对机体也有刺激作用;在身体机能的变化中,机体对心血管系统的变化更为敏感, 相似文献
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高原训练过程中运动员的营养与补充 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高原训练是指有目的、有计划地将运动员组织到具有适宜海拔高度的地区 ,进行定期的专项运动训练的方法。其理论依据是 ,人体在高原低压缺氧环境下训练 ,利用高原缺氧和运动双重刺激 ,使运动员产生强烈的应激反应 ,以调动体内的机能潜力 ,从而产生一系列有利于提高运动能力的抗缺氧生理反应。因此 ,高原训练作为一种特殊条件下的强化训练手段 ,它的主要作用表现在对机体的刺激深刻 ,可望得到超量恢复 ,提高机体的机能储备。通过高原训练 ,可以最大限度地挖掘机体抗缺氧和耐酸潜能及抵抗恶劣环境的能力。高原训练也可以对人体产生一些不利的影… 相似文献
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宋冰 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(12):75-76
目的 对湛江寸金公园经常参加体育锻炼（运动组）与棋牌活动（棋牌组）的老年志愿者进行台阶测验，比较从事不同活动老年人的心血管机能状态。用以指导老年人选择有益身心健康的活动形式。方法 利用台阶测定仪，测定安静心率与完成相同负荷后第1、2、3分钟心率。结果 运动组运动后第1分钟心率较棋牌组慢（P〈0．01），而第2第3分钟的恢复过程却较快（P〈0．01）。提示运动组老人的身体机能、尤其是心肺功能优于棋牌组人群。结论 长期坚持有氧运动锻炼对于减缓心血管功能下降速度，维持和提高老年群体身体素质有积极作用。 相似文献
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采用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,归纳总结亚高原体育旅游对人体生理机能变化产生的影响,进而探析亚高原体育旅游的健身价值。结果表明健康人群在亚高原地区从事体育旅游活动,机体在轻度缺氧和体育锻炼的双重因素刺激下,呼吸机能、心血管机能、免疫机能、氧运输能力及物质代谢等能力有所提高,可达到健身的目的,此外,为避免出现类似高原反应的不适应症状,旅游者应根据自身的体质健康状况"阶梯式"选择海拔高度进入亚高原从事体育旅游健身活动。 相似文献
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To investigate the benefits of ‘living high and training low' on anaerobic performance at sea level, eight 400-m runners lived for 10 days in normobaric hypoxia in an altitude house (oxygen content = 15.8%) and trained outdoors in ambient normoxia at sea level. A maximal anaerobic running test and 400-m race were performed before and within 1 week of living in the altitude house to determine the maximum speed and the speeds at different submaximal blood lactate concentrations (3, 5, 7, 10 and 13 mmol· l-1) and 400-m race time. At the same time, ten 400-m runners lived and trained at sea level and were subjected to identical test procedures. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that the altitude house group but not the sea-level group improved their 400-m race time during the experimental period (P ? 0.05). The speeds at blood lactate concentrations of 5–13 mmol· l-1 tended to increase in the altitude house group but the response was significant only at 5 and 7 mmol·l-1 (P ? 0.05). Furthermore, resting blood pH was increased in six of the eight altitude house athletes from 0.003 to 0.067 pH unit (P ? 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate improved 400-m performance after 10 days of living in normobaric hypoxia and training at sea level. Furthermore, the present study provides evidence that changes in the acid–base balance and lactate metabolism might be responsible for the improvement in sprint performance. 相似文献
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Gareth Turner Barry W Fudge Jamie S M Pringle Neil S Maxwell Alan J Richardson 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(2):163-172
This study sought to establish perceptions of elite endurance athletes on the role and worth of altitude training. Elite British endurance runners were surveyed to identify the altitude and hypoxic training methods utilised, along with reasons for use, and any situational, cultural and behaviour factors influencing these. Prior to the 2012 Olympics Games, 39 athletes and 20 support staff (coaches/practitioners) completed an internet-based survey to establish differences between current practices and the accepted “best-practice”. Almost all of the athletes (98%) and support staff (95%) surveyed had utilised altitude and hypoxic training, or had advised it to athletes. 75% of athletes believed altitude and hypoxia to be a “very important” factor in their training regime, with 50% of support staff believing the same. Athletes and support staff were in agreement of the methods of altitude training utilised (i.e. 'hypoxic dose’ and strategy), with camps lasting 3–4 weeks at 1,500–2,500 m being the most popular. Athletes and support staff are utilising altitude and hypoxic training methods in a manner agreeing with research-based suggestions. The survey identified a number of specific challenges and priorities, which could provide scope to optimise future altitude training methods for endurance performance in these elite groups. 相似文献
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高原或低氧环境下体液平衡的改变主要表现为脱水和尿钠排泄。这与低氧刺激下交感神经兴奋性提高,外周化学感受器激发肾脏反应及体液调节激素的改变有关。低氧刺激使机体对营养素和液体的要求提高,但摄入降低,因此,机体应当补充足够的营养素和富含碳水化合物及电解质的液体。综述了高原或低氧环境下机体的体液平衡改变及其机制,提出了低氧下补液的主要原则,并指出了亟待研究的主要问题。 相似文献
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Martin Faulhaber Hannes Gatterer Thomas Haider Carson Patterson Martin Burtscher 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):513-519
Abstract In this study, we examined the effects of a pre-acclimatization programme on endurance performance at moderate altitude using a resting intermittent hypoxia protocol. The time-trial performance of 11 cyclists was determined at low altitude (600 m). Athletes were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to the hypoxia or the control group. The pre-acclimatization programme consisted of seven sessions each lasting 1 h in normobaric hypoxia (inspired fraction of oxygen of 12.5%, equivalent to approximately 4500 m) for the hypoxia group (n = 6) and in normoxia (inspired fraction of oxygen of 20.9%) for the control group (n = 5). The time-trials were repeated at moderate altitude (1970 m). Mean power output during the time-trial at moderate altitude was decreased in the hypoxia group (?0.26 ± 0.11 W · kg?1) and in the control group (?0.13 ± 0.04 W · kg?1) compared with at low altitude but did not differ between groups (P = 0.13). Our results suggest that the applied protocol of intermittent hypoxia had no positive effect on endurance performance at moderate altitude. Whether different intermittent hypoxia protocols are advantageous remains to be determined. 相似文献
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男子皮划艇运动员赛前高原训练部分生化指标监控研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在甘肃男子皮划艇队进行高原训练期间的部分生理生化指标进行了监控研究。研究表明：与平原相比,队员血红蛋白值高原训练期间显著增加（P＆lt;0.05）,个人血红蛋白平均增加1.1g/dl,增加幅度为0.6～1.9g/dl;血尿素值平原与高原没有差异,血红蛋白、血尿素变化与训练负荷安排有关。建议上高原前,在训练负荷安排上要为高原训练做好准备,以缩短在高原上的适应时间,同时高原训练也要重视力量素质训练。 相似文献
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潘秀清 《沈阳体育学院学报》2012,31(3):62-65
目的:对20名平原受试者进行为期3周递增性低氧训练,测试其低氧训练前后模拟海拔4 800m(PO2为10.4%～10.8%)时血清抗利尿激素(AVP)和醛固酮(ALD)的变化,并结合AMS评分、心率和血压,探讨递增性低氧训练对模拟高海拔低氧环境的适应效果。方法:阶段1:受试者于模拟海拔4 800m低氧环境中急性暴露6 h,以60rpm、80 W的定量负荷仰卧蹬车20 min,LLS量表评价AMS,测试低氧暴露过程中的HR和BP,低氧结束时的血清AVP和ALD;阶段2:进行3周递增性低氧训练后,再重复阶段1的测试。结果:低训后模拟海拔4 800m低氧环境下,AMS评分大于等于3分的人数由9人降到2人;运动时的心率明显低于低训前;急性低氧暴露6h,血清AVP和ALD均较常氧值显著下降;低训3周后再次低氧暴露,血清AVP和ALD与常氧值相比较,均无显著差异。结论:递增性低氧训练有助于增强机体对低氧的习服。 相似文献
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Acclimatization to altitude and normoxic training improve 400-m running performance at sea level 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
To investigate the benefits of 'living high and training low' on anaerobic performance at sea level, eight 400-m runners lived for 10 days in normobaric hypoxia in an altitude house (oxygen content = 15.8%) and trained outdoors in ambient normoxia at sea level. A maximal anaerobic running test and 400-m race were performed before and within 1 week of living in the altitude house to determine the maximum speed and the speeds at different submaximal blood lactate concentrations (3, 5, 7, 10 and 13 mmol x l(-1)) and 400-m race time. At the same time, ten 400-m runners lived and trained at sea level and were subjected to identical test procedures. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that the altitude house group but not the sea-level group improved their 400-m race time during the experimental period (P < 0.05). The speeds at blood lactate concentrations of 5-13 mmol x l(-1) tended to increase in the altitude house group but the response was significant only at 5 and 7 mmol x l(-1) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, resting blood pH was increased in six of the eight altitude house athletes from 0.003 to 0.067 pH unit (P < 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate improved 400-m performance after 10 days of living in normobaric hypoxia and training at sea level. Furthermore, the present study provides evidence that changes in the acid-base balance and lactate metabolism might be responsible for the improvement in sprint performance. 相似文献
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A.J. Ward‐Smith 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2):89-99
An analysis of long jump performance, including both the approach and aerial phases, is applied to Bob Beamon's legendary leap at the Mexico City Olympic Games of 1968. It is shown that the combined effects of altitude and wind assistance yielded an increment in the length of the jump of about 31 cm, compared to a corresponding jump at sea level under still air conditions. The main factor is shown to be the increased sprinting speed attained under favourable conditions of wind and altitude. 相似文献