共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
石羊河流域主要气象要素及径流变化趋势分析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
在对石羊河流域1956年~2003年诸月与年平均气温、降水及径流资料进行Mann-Kendall非参数统计检验的基础上,运用R/S法分析了流域的年平均气温、降水、径流时间序列的持续性,估算了各项指标的Hurst指数,以定量估计未来气候及径流的变化趋势,并采用随机重排法对估算结果进行了稳定性检验。结果表明:石羊河流域1956年~2003年各月及年平均气温绝大多数都以增温为主;武威和永昌两个站点的年平均降水表现为显著增加,其他站点各月没有显著趋势;古浪河和杂木河年平均径流量减少的趋势显著,其他支流径流量减少趋势不明显;干流各月及年平均径流量减少的趋势十分显著。各站点Hurst指数结果表明,石羊河流域未来的气温、降水、径流变化趋势都表现为较强的持续性,与过去近48年的变化趋势基本保持一致。 相似文献
2.
作为连接六国的跨境河流,澜沧江—湄公河（澜湄）流域的径流变化与流域内各国以及相关地区的社会经济发展和生产生活方式密切相关。为深入了解澜湄流域地表水资源的时空变化特性及主要影响因素,本文基于1961—2015年澜湄流域气象水文资料,分析了澜湄流域径流变化趋势和突变特征,构建了体现澜湄流域特性的SWAT水文模型,定量评估了气候变化和人类活动对澜湄流域径流变化的影响。主要结论为：①年尺度上,澜湄流域径流在旧州站变化趋势不明显,在允景洪站呈显著下降趋势,在万象和上丁站呈先下降后上升趋势;季节尺度上,各水文站旱、雨季径流变化趋势与年尺度基本一致,旱季径流量变化幅度较小,雨季径流量变化幅度较大。②1998—2000年为全流域径流发生突变的集中期,因此将各区域径流的变化期划分为2000年之前和之后两部分。③气候变化对澜湄流域径流的影响程度自上游到下游逐渐减小,人类活动的影响程度则逐渐加大,且人类活动对旱季径流的影响程度大于雨季。本文结果有助于了解澜湄流域水资源现状和变化趋势,为澜湄流域水资源合理利用以及“一带一路”沿线国家的社会经济可持续发展提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
3.
《西藏科技》2015,(7)
揭示雅鲁藏布江流域水循环变化特征,对认识青藏高原水资源演变规律具有重要的科学意义,同时对西藏自治区水资源开发利用、生态环境建设、经济社会发展等也具有十分重要的实际意义。文章重点分析了近40年雅鲁藏布江流域降水和径流的时空变化特性,并初步探讨了其与区域气候特征和地理环境条件的成因关系。分析结果显示,雅鲁藏布江流域从上游至下游逐渐由西风区向季风区过渡,导致年均降水量逐渐增大;降水年内分配集中,汛期降水占全年70%以上;近40年流域内降水变化趋势不明显,但降水季节分配显示坦化现象。雅鲁藏布江流域径流变化主要由降水过程决定,但由于受冰川融雪等影响,径流变化较降水更加复杂;受降水变化特性影响,各站点实测径流也主要集中在汛期;流域中下游径流呈现不显著的减少趋势,可能与印度洋季风减弱有关。雅鲁藏布江流域各分区产流量的相关性较差,充分反映了气候条件和地理环境条件对流域水循环影响的明显空间差异性。 相似文献
4.
气候变化对鄱阳湖流域径流的影响模拟 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
气候变化是全球变化的重要部分,它可以改变区域乃至全球的水文循环的现状,本文以鄱阳湖流域为定量评价了气候变化对该区域水文循环的影响。文章首先分析了鄱阳湖流域1973年～2002年间的气候变化,在此基础上构建了如果气候变化按照目前的趋势发展未来可能出现的3种气候情景,最后应用陆地表面模型VIC水循环模式模拟了不同情景下的径流变化,结果表明如果气候变化按照目前的趋势发展,鄱阳湖流域的水量30年、60年、90年后（相对于1983年）将可能增加11.7%、25.08%和39.06%,而且因为径流的增加幅度最大的情况恰好出现在每年径流峰值时段（汛期）,所以鄱阳湖发生洪灾的危险性将可能增大。研究气候变化背景下鄱阳湖流域水文要素的变化及其趋势对于该区域水文水资源的开发利用、规划管理有着重要的现实意义。 相似文献
5.
怒江流域降水与气温变化及其对跨境径流的影响分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用非参数统计检验方法对怒江流域降水、平均气温及径流等要素的单调变化趋势进行了显著性检验,并基于各要素时、空变化特点,分析了降水和气温的变化对径流变化可能存在的影响。结果表明：①怒江流域在1958年-2009年呈增温增湿的趋势。尽管流域年降水量呈增加趋势,但在最近20年却表现出较为明显的减少趋势;流域增温幅度越来越大,最近20年增幅达0.5℃/10a;②道街坝站径流量在1958年-2000年间检测到了显著的增加趋势,且增幅越来越大;③流域降水的时空变化特点加速了道街坝站径流量的增加趋势;④由于径流量补给来源及其比例的不同,各水文站径流量变化受气温和降水变化的影响也有所差异,受冰雪融水径流补给的嘉玉桥和道街坝站,径流量的增加由降水增加和气温升高引起的冰雪融水径流量增加共同影响,而气温升高对径流量的影响与冰雪融水径流所占比例大小相关。 相似文献
6.
气候变化对滦河流域水文循环的影响及模拟 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
气候变化对我国各地区水资源影响的时空格局变化,尤其是对水资源工程和规划的影响,是气候变化影响评估的重要内容。本文以滦河流域为研究流域,采用线性回归法、Mann-Kendall非参数检验等方法,分析了1957年-2001年的水文气象要素变化特征;基于数字高程模型、土地利用和土壤类型等资料,应用SWAT分布式水文模型模拟滦河流域水文循环过程,由月径流量计算结果,模拟期效率系数达到77.2%,检验期达到83.1%,表明SWAT模型在该流域具有一定适用性;根据IPCC第四次评估报告多模式结果,分析了IPCCSRES-A2、A1B、B1情景下21世纪降水、气温、径流、蒸发的年响应过程,以1961年-1990年作为基准期,结果表明3种情景下从2011年-2099年以上各水文要素都呈增加趋势,且降水、气温、蒸发都较基准期有所增加,而径流量在2020s(2011年-2040年)径流量相对基准期减少,且在A2、B1情景下2050s(2041年-2070年)径流量依旧减少,到2080s(2071年-2099年)3种情景下径流量才增多。该结果将为南水北调中线工程水资源分配的制定提供较为科学的理论依据,对于保证海滦河流域社会经济可持续发展等方面具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
7.
白洋淀流域1959年至2008年山区径流量变化规律及其动因分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文利用统计分析的方法,对白洋淀流域山区阜平、中唐梅和紫荆关等3个流量站1959年-2008年50年径流量资料的长期变化趋势进行分析,揭示了白洋淀流域水资源变化特征和趋势。结果表明,白洋淀山区径流年内分配不均匀,年际变化大,丰枯变化明显;50年来径流的年内分配不均匀性呈降低趋势,径流量总体上呈现明显下降趋势,20世纪90年代以来持续出现枯水期。利用保定气象站1959年-2008年的月气象数据和＂海河流域治理工程生态环境效应遥感监测与评估＂研究成果的5期土地利用数据,从气候和人类活动两个角度分析了径流变化的原因。认为气温升高、降水的减少是径流减少的主要原因。同时,工农矿用地面积的扩大而可能引起的用水量增大也是径流减少的原因之一。 相似文献
8.
青藏高原及周边地区是长江、黄河、雅鲁藏布江等河流的发源地,素有"亚洲水塔"之称。分析青藏高原地表水、地下水资源量的演变规律和与变化趋势,对青藏高原水资源及水生态保护以及区域发展具有重要战略意义和科学价值。基于河流源区主要江河水文站实测径流资料分析发现,由于降水增多、气温升高等气候变化的影响,青藏高原多数区域地表河川径流量呈现增加趋势,季节过程也发生了明显变化,长江、怒江和雅鲁藏布江河源区径流增加趋势尤为显著。研究发现,气温升高导致的冰川积雪融化径流的增多是地下水资源量以及高原湖泊水量增加的主要原因。未来预测分析认为,随着冰川积雪的减少,融雪径流将会减少,部分河流径流量会出现由增转减的"拐点",这将导致该区域的水资源安全面临新的问题和挑战。全球变化对青藏高原水资源演变的影响需引起高度重视,并积极采取应对措施。 相似文献
9.
《科技通报》2017,(7)
随着全球人口的持续增长和社会经济的快速发展,人类对水资源的需求量不断增加,水资源逐渐发生了供不应求的状况。然而河流径流量受气候、地貌、土壤、植被等一些自然条件和人类活动的耦合作用,使径流量逐年都在变化,其改变具有一定的规律性,然而也有严重的随机性。本文提出对内蒙古海河流域径流驱动力的影响因素分析研究。首先,建立河流径流量驱动力的变化的指标评价体系,利用滑动平均法分析径流量的变化规律;其次,采用秩次相关法对径流规律进行检查,在此基础之上,建立河流径流量驱动力因素与影响该因素变化的多元线性回归函数关系表达式,通过求解最终获知内蒙古海河流域径流驱动力的特征变化趋势。实验证明,文中方法能够准确分析2005年来内蒙古海河流域径流驱动力的特征变化趋势,为合理整治该区域水文环境问题提供理论依据。 相似文献
10.
塔里木河流域径流变化特征及其对气候变化的响应 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
塔里木河是典型的干旱区内陆河，自身不产流，干流水量主要依靠源区河流的补给，本文以塔里木河流域的源流区(出山口以上区域)为研究对象，基于实测水文气象数据运用Mann-Kendall非参数检验、小波分析法和EOF分析法研究历史水文过程的特征与规律，以及区域气候的时空变化特征，分析气候变化对水循环和径流变化的影响。研究结果表明冰川积雪融水是径流的主要补给来源；EOF分析表明源流区内的气温、降水量和蒸发量呈现增加趋势；受冰川调节和区域气温升高的双重影响，年平均径流量多年保持稳定并在近年来有所增加，小波分析表明1990年后在大于15年的时间尺度上进入丰水期；多变量非参数检验表明径流随气温和蒸发量变化较为敏感，月径流量随着气温升高而呈现指数增加的变化趋势，1991年～2002年源区径流量比1956年～1990年增加了6.5%。由于塔里木河流域特殊的地理位置与流域结构，具有河川径流以冰川积雪融水补给比重大的特征，当气温升高1℃径流量相应增加10%～16%，随着气温升高和冰川消融量的增加，径流量也将进一步地增加。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
14.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
15.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
16.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
17.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献