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《科学学与科学技术管理》2018,(11)
绿色技术创新能力是企业获取绿色竞争力的前提,也是国家绿色发展战略的微观基础,已有研究均未探讨这一能力的形成机理。基于绿色技术创新能力的理论基础与文献分析,构建多变量综合作用下企业绿色技术创新能力形成的结构模型。通过对福建省115家企业的问卷调查和实证分析,结果显示:命令控制型环境规制、激励型环境规制对RD投入有显著的正向影响,RD投入在命令控制型环境规制、激励型环境规制与绿色技术创新能力之间具有正向中介作用,消费者参与、绿色管理吸收能力在RD投入向绿色产品创新能力转化中起正向调节作用。 相似文献
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以30家海工装备制造企业为研究案例,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法,从命令控制型环境规制、市场激励型环境规制、自愿型环境规制以及隐性环境规制四个方面探究影响海洋企业技术创新的环境规制组态.研究发现,产生高技术创新绩效和非高技术创新绩效的组态解分别有两个;自愿型环境规制与隐性环境规制之间存在潜在替代关系;强市场激励型环境规制... 相似文献
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复杂的经济现实表明产品市场的竞争程度和创新活动的RD策略、RD的溢出效应总是互动影响的。在产品差异化框架下以古诺竞争和伯川德竞争代表两种不同的经济环境,得出结论:较弱的竞争环境——古诺竞争总是会比伯川德竞争下RD投入更多,这也意味着更多的成本消减、企业利润和社会福利。RD合作对社会总福利和消费者剩余的影响程度取决于产品市场的竞争程度。因此政府除了鼓励和支持企业RD合作的技术创新方式之外,也要对产品市场的竞争状况加以规制,并根据本身违法原则禁止任何形式的产品市场的合谋。 相似文献
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不同环境规制政策对中国规模以上工业企业技术创新的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
考察不同环境规制工具对中国企业技术创新及路径选择的影响,有利于中国实施高效的环境规制政策。本文使用2013—2017年中国30个省规模以上工业企业的面板数据,将企业技术创新分为内部自主研发和外部引进,探究市场激励型和命令控制型两类环境规制政策对工业企业技术创新的影响。结果表明：①两类环境规制工具对企业技术创新均发挥了不同程度的促进作用,且呈现出一定的结构和时序特征,部分验证了波特假说“弱”版本。具体如下：命令控制型工具在2016年新一轮“环保风暴”后对企业创新行为具有显著的促进作用;市场激励型工具对企业创新行为具有显著促进作用,但呈现作用随年递减的趋势;相较于企业技术引进而言,两类环境规制工具对企业自主研发的激励效果更大;在市场激励型工具中,碳交易市场对工业企业技术创新发挥了促进作用,且主要体现在外部引进方面。②分地区而言,东部和中部地区的结果与全国的结果呈现出相对的一致性;西部的结果符合波特假说“狭义”版本,即市场激励型环境政策工具比命令控制型环境规制对西部工业企业的创新激励更大。本文创新性地在环境规制中引入了可再生能源发电补贴和碳排放交易制度,细化了波特假说的内在作用机制,为国家进一步优化环境政策体系进而激励工业企业技术创新提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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结合计划行为理论,以高端制造企业为例,探讨了不同类型的环境规制、绿色技术创新意愿与绿色技术创新行为之间的内在逻辑关系和相互作用程度。层级回归分析结果表明：环境规制中的命令控制型和市场激励型均对绿色技术创新意愿和行为有显著的直接正向诱导作用,其中命令控制型环境规制对绿色技术创新意愿的诱导性更强,市场激励型环境规制对绿色技术创新行为的诱导性更强;绿色技术创新意愿能够对绿色技术创新行为产生显著的直接正向影响。研究结果还表明：绿色技术创新意愿在不同类型的环境规制与绿色技术创新行为之间所起的中介作用具有差异性,对命令控制型环境规制与绿色技术创新行为之间的关系发挥着完全中介效应,对市场激励型环境规制与绿色技术创新行为之间的关系发挥着部分中介效应,这揭示了“不完全规制”现象背后产生的原因以及“波特假说”得到进一步支持的中介变量。 相似文献
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从环境规制工具对节能减排效率影响这一基本问题出发,基于非期望产出的SBM-DDF模型测算出30个省2001-2012年节能减排效率,并分析其动态变化特征,以此为基础利用系统GMM考察环境规制工具差异引致的节能减排异质效应。实证结果表明,命令控制型和公众参与型环境规制对节能减排效率的影响呈现倒U型结构;而市场激励型表现类似于正U型结构,证实了波特关于合理环境规制强度的假说。本文进一步分阶段检验环境规制工具节能减排效果的差异,命令控制型环境规制在第一阶段发挥主要作用,而在第二阶段却成为阻碍节能减排效率提升的因素;市场激励型和公众参与型环境规制并未在第一阶段表现出促进节能减排效率的效果,但其作用在第二阶段开始呈现,并成为这一阶段节能减排效率改善的关键因素,从而区分环境规制工具在不同时期的适用性。 相似文献
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从影响及调节的角度切入,采用SBM-ML指数法、面板门槛和面板向量自回归模型,厘清我国环境政策自深化稳定以来差异化环境规制工具与工业绿色发展之间的关系。结果显示：(1)命令控制型与公众自愿型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展的影响效应随规制强度增加呈倒“U”型趋势,但前者影响更大；市场激励型则与规制强度成反比。(2)短期内命令控制型与公众自愿型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展的调节效应灵活且相反,但后者幅度更大；长期内则有市场激励型持续正向调节。至此,提出综合差异化环境规制工具建立一个平衡、动态协调的环境规制混合系统的建议。 相似文献
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《科技管理研究》2020,(12)
从影响及调节的角度切入,采用SBM-ML指数法、面板门槛和面板向量自回归模型,厘清我国环境政策自深化稳定以来差异化环境规制工具与工业绿色发展之间的关系。研究结果显示:(1)命令控制型与公众自愿型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展的影响效应随规制强度增加呈倒“U”型趋势,但前者影响更大;市场激励型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展的影响效应则与规制强度成反比。(2)短期内命令控制型与公众自愿型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展的调节效应灵活且相反,但后者幅度更大;长期内则有市场激励型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展呈持续正向调节。基于研究结论,提出综合差异化环境规制工具建立一个平衡、动态协调的环境规制混合系统的建议。 相似文献
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本文利用1997—2013年中国30个省区市的资源消耗、环境污染和经济发展数据,结合Super-DEA方法对中国省际工业绿色全要素生产率进行测算,并以此为基础探究中国不同环境规制工具的节能减排效应差异.结果表明： 市场激励型比命令—控制型规制工具更具减排灵活性和激励长效性,命令—控制型规制手段对区域工业绿色全要素生产率的影响呈U形关系,基于经济激励方式下“利用市场”的环境政策工具——排污收费制度效应为正,而“建立市场”的环境政策工具——排污权交易试点政策并未表现出显著稳定的效应;东部地区的规制运行整体优于中西部地区,西部次之,中部最差;环境法制的完善对政府“利用市场”起到一定的促进作用,但“建立市场”的法制体系尚未健全.最后,提出相应的政策建议. 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献