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21.
西班牙与法国是较早在北美大陆进行殖民活动的国家。西班牙与法国在北美的殖民活动各具特点。这些特点，决定了两国在北美殖民活动中的失败命运，也决定了未来北美大陆的命运，为以后的新生美利坚合众国创造了条件和机会。两国在北美大陆的殖民争夺中失利的原因有两点相同：一是军事上几次与英国的交锋失败；二是两国在北美殖民地实行的政策不当，特别是宗教政策，降低了本国及他国人们移民其殖民地的兴趣，造成殖民地居民数量远不及英国，不能形成规模及建立强有力的殖民政府和军队，从而丧失了殖民地。 相似文献
22.
在过去的30年中，西班牙的高等教育经历了许多变化。在1983年，由于人们对私立大学的合法性的认可开始了高等教育的竞争状态。1998年以来，由于学生人数的减少以及人们对高等教育需求的下降，进一步推进了高等教育的改革。2001年，西班牙政府颁布了一项新制度以推动公立大学的市场化行为和私有化运行。尽管目前来评价这些变化的作用可能为时尚早，因为大学公共资金拨付制度仍保留不变，而这是今后需要调整的关键问题，这样才能为高等教育提供真正的竞争条件。虽然市场已经进入到西班牙高等教育领域中，但是公立大学源源不尽的公共资金将是阻止一个真正公平竞争的市场形成的一股巨大的力量。 相似文献
23.
Dolores Morondo Taramundi 《Gender and education》2016,28(3):372-385
ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to pose some questions concerning kairos and feminist activism. In recent years state feminism in Spain has been presented as a ‘success story’ of legislative victories and policy programmes regarding women’ equality and equal opportunities. Only two years ago, feminist movements in Spain showed unexpected vitality in forcing the government to withdraw the intended reform of the abortion law. However, relations between state feminism and feminist movements in Spain are weak and ambivalent, and feminism in Spain, as in other parts of Europe, is said to be in crisis. I refer to ideas elaborated by Antonio Gramsci in order to identify possible barriers to the formation of relationships between state feminism and feminist movements that could impact favourably upon possibilities of collective political subjectivity and social transformation. Education plays a two-fold role in this argument. In its formal manifestations, it is a component of the institutional feminism that this article critiques, and as a series of informal pedagogical networks, education is understood here as entangled in the different expressions of feminist activism and can thus contribute significantly to the development of feminist aims. 相似文献
24.
Antonio Muñoz-Cañavate 《Government Information Quarterly》2011,28(1):74-90
This study presents the basic lines of electronic administration in Spain. The complexity of the Spanish political-administrative system makes such a study challenging, in view of the considerable degree of autonomy and competences of the regional administrative bodies and local agencies with respect to the central government, the former being more visible in the 17 regions of Spain. Nonetheless, the central government maintains a series of legal instruments that allow a certain common framework of action to be imposed, aside from what is put into effect through diverse programs aimed precisely to develop common tools for the regions and municipalities of Spain. After an introduction that provides some necessary background, this study describes the legislative framework in which Spain's electronic administrative system has developed. The data included in the study refer to investment in information and communication technologies (ICT) and the services offered by the different Administrations on the internet; internet access by citizens, homes, businesses, and employees, as well as the interactivity existing with administrations by means of the internet; the origins and rise of various political initiatives of the Central Government involving electronic administration; and finally, the situation of civil service personnel, as catalysts of the success of Information Society in the Public Administration within Spain. 相似文献
25.
To assess the relevance of the Public Library System in the political agenda, programs presented by the Political Parties competing in Regional and Local elections in the Spanish Region of Castilla-La Mancha were analyzed and the proposals about these library institutions were identified.
All Regional programs were collected and also an ample sample from the Municipalities for the 2007 and 2015 elections, trying to find the differences influenced by the impact of the financial crisis and recession on the public-library policies.
The conclusion arrived at was that, although the Public Libraries may be reasonably present in the studied programs, there is a low awareness by the Political Parties of the main problems. 相似文献
26.
文章主要评述了西班牙的初中综合科学课程的“科学观、课程的特点、课程的实施、课程的管理”等几个主要问题，由此较深入地了解西班牙的初中综合科学课程改革的现状，以期对我国现行的科学课程的改革有所启示。 相似文献
27.
叶晓东 《郧阳师范高等专科学校学报》2002,22(3):137-138
第二次世界大战初期 ,围绕西班牙参战问题 ,德西两国进行了多次交涉 ,但因双方的立足点都是本国的国家利益而无法达成一致 ,西班牙最终保持了“中立” . 相似文献
28.
西班牙环境教育的政策与实践探析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
西班牙是西欧环境教育发展较有特色的一个国家，在近十几年里，在政府的直接干预下，西班牙确定了环境教育发展战略，并将环境教育纳入相关教育法规之中，确保中小学环境教育的有效实施。文章从政策入手，分析了西班牙中小学环境教育的课程开发与实施，并针对该国出现的问题分析其应对之策，从而有助于我国在环境教育实践中进行深入反思 相似文献
29.
Xavier Torrebadella-Flix 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(18):2164-2196
This study tackles the birth and development of the sports press in Spain from 1865 to 1899, linked to the need of a bourgeois society to emulate the English lifestyle, characterised by the sports craze. The sports press in Spain fitted extremely well in the late nineteenth century, encouraged by the Regenerationist movement. This is clear by the growth in number of sports publications, by the promotion of physical culture by Regenerationism and by the use of such publications to spread Regenerationism's approach to sport. Both primary and secondary sources were used in the research process. With regard to primary sources, archives containing specific documentation on the origins and early years of the sports press in Spain were examined. A total of 85 sports publications were counted in 18 different towns, but mostly concentrated in Madrid (28) and Barcelona (24). The most widely represented sports in these were cycling (25) and hunting (18). Among those publications that were not specific to one sport, 13 titles included the English-language term ‘sport’, and only two incorporated the newly coined Spanish word, ‘deporte’. Los Deportes (1897–1910) is the most important publication of this period and the foundation stone of modern sports journalism in Spain. 相似文献
30.
‘Governmentality’ in the origins of European female PE and sport: the Spanish case study (1883–1936)
The purpose of the paper is twofold: (1) to contribute to the analysis of the origins of modern European female PE and sports from a power perspective, inspired by Foucault's work; and (2) to present a detailed analysis of female PE and sport in Spain (1883–1936) as a specific European case study. It is argued that these physical activities could be conceived in the Spanish case as part of a specific kind of ‘governmentality’ with a dual nature. On the one hand they represented disciplinary ‘technologies of power’ over the female body. Selected physical activities—dictated mainly from the hygienic-moral position of the Regeneracionistas (‘Regenerationists’)—were exerted as a kind of ‘bio-power’ for the control of the female population. On the other hand, such kind of activities (especially sports) represented certain ‘technologies of the self’ for middle and upper class women. Through participation in sports, women gained a more active and public role in the Spanish society of the era, obtaining some degree of autonomy in self-governance over their bodies and their lives. 相似文献