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我国农业应对气候变化的发展策略研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近几十年来,随着工业化进程的加快和温室气体排放的增多,全球气温呈现出显著的上升趋势,在此背景下,我国的气候变暖趋势也越来越明显。气候变化无疑会对农业造成影响,气候变暖影响农作物的生长发育和品质、导致高温伏旱和海平面上升,是我国农业可持续发展的重大挑战。为此。我国应控制温室气体排放、发展节水农业、推行生态农业、加强科技开发、促进全球合作,积极应对气候变化带来的挑战。 相似文献
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气候变暖对黄土高原塬区农作物生长和气候生产力的影响 总被引：29，自引：1，他引：29
分析气候变暖对黄土高原塬区作物发育期的影响表明：气候变暖使冬小麦越冬前各发育期日期推后，越冬后各发育期日期提前；冬小麦全生育期生长天数缩短，每10年缩短8.3天，主要是越冬期（休眠期）缩短，每10年缩短6.8天；冬小麦越冬死亡率降低。使玉米各发育期日期提前，但播种期、三叶期、拔节期、抽雄期日期提前较小，其变化速率仅为0.5天～1.1天/10年；而乳熟期、成熟期日期提前较多，变化速率为3.5天～9.0天/10年。冬小麦、玉米气候产量变化与干旱发生程度有关，干旱越严重，气候产量越低。年气候生产力40年(1961年～2000年)呈递减趋势，递减率为1.13kg～19.21kg/(hm2·年)，从对未来假定的气候变化年型看，以暖湿型气候年型对农业生产最为有利，年气候生产力增加13.7%～31.2%；冷干型气候对农业生产不利，年气候生产力减少5.1%～27.1%。 相似文献
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气候变化背景下人工造雪技术提升对中国滑雪季节长度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在全球气候变暖背景下,人工造雪是滑雪场经营者有效应对气候变化的重要措施。本文假定人工造雪适宜温度由现有的-5℃提升到-2℃,基于气象站点观测数据（1981—2010年）和IPCC AR5的RCPs未来情景数据,通过改进的SkiSim 2.0模型评估气候变化背景下人工造雪技术提升对中国滑雪季节长度的影响。研究表明：①在气候变化背景下,人工造雪技术提升将使得中国平均滑雪季节长度增加3%~12%,即使在2080s时期最高温室气体排放情景下（RCP 8.5）,78%的滑雪场能拥有超过100 d的滑雪季节长度;②受气候变化影响越大的滑雪场（如华北、华东、华中）,人工造雪技术提升使其滑雪季节长度增加越多;而人工造雪技术提升对受气候变化影响小的滑雪场（如东北、西北）作用有限;③地理环境条件是影响滑雪季节长度的根本因素,无论人工造雪技术是否提升,气候变化背景下中国100 d滑雪季节长度的地理分界线均为长白山—阴山—祁连山—天山。为适应及减缓气候变化的潜在影响,相关部门应致力于提升人工造雪技术,从供给侧保证中国滑雪旅游产业的可持续发展。 相似文献
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在当前全球气候变化背景下,中科院战略性先导科技专项"应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题"之"影响与适应任务群"主要以全新世大暖期为"相似型",研究全球平均增温约1°C—2°C情形下的我国环境格局及其对陆地生态系统的可能影响,为人类适应提供自然背景及参照;探讨过去不同气候环境背景下人类的适应方式,揭示人类适应气候变化的规律和模式,为未来人类如何适应气候变化提供启示。通过近5年的工作,在自然背景研究方面,揭示出目前的全球增温有自然变暖的周期背景,且不同尺度的增温总体有利于我国季风区降水增加,导致森林面积扩大,我国北方沙漠区收缩,陆地生态系统碳储量增加。在人类起源与适应研究方面,获得了东亚地区现代人起源和迁徙的新证据,揭示出过去的气候变暖促进了农作物的栽培与驯化。8 ka BP—6 ka BP,稻作和旱作农业在空间上显著扩展,农业技术的进步促使史前人类在青藏高原大规模定居。一般情况下,过去寒冷的气候条件限制了人口发展,而相对暖湿的气候有利于人口的增加和文化的发展。研究同时显示,近70年来我国海岸带陆地面积由于人类活动加剧而增加近14 200 km~2。未来工作应加强高分辨率气候变化历史的定量重建,加强气候-环境-人类活动相互作用的机制等研究。 相似文献
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赵凡 《科技成果管理与研究》2011,(9):102-103
人类面临气候变化带来的诸多挑战,在很大程度上依赖“靠天吃饭”的农业无疑是受冲击最大的行业之一。全球气候的任何异常变化,无一不与农业息息相关。中国因国土大、生态类型多,农业极易受到气候变化的不利影响。尤其是我国西北地区,农业对气候变化响应的脆弱性更加突出,研究应对气候变化的技术对策表现得十分迫切。为了最大可能地减少气候变化给农业生产带来的不利影响,宁夏大学肖国举博士始终以一个科研工作者的执着,书写着属于自己、也属于整个西北旱区农业科研的精彩。 相似文献
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2022年,联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）的第六次评估报告《气候变化2022：影响、适应和脆弱性》和中国气象局《中国气候变化蓝皮书（2022）》对外发布。文章简要介绍了其中有关气候变化的生态影响及适应对策的评估结果,并参考其他文献,介绍了有关中国的相关研究进展。第六次评估报告和相关研究表明,全球气候变暖及其引发的生态影响是十分显著的,主要包括：物候提前,植物生长季延长;物种分布区向极地移动或向高海拔地区移动、树线升高;物种局地灭绝或栖息地退缩;疫病发生频次或强度升高、范围扩大。这些生态影响在不同地区、不同类群间存在一定差异。全球要进一步采取必要的适应和减缓措施,应对不断加剧的气候变化对人类及其赖以生存的生态系统所带来的破坏与挑战。第六次评估报告和相关研究对我国如何应对气候变化也具有重要启示作用。为制定和提出科学合理的气候变化应对和缓解对策,我国急需进一步加强气候变化生态学及对策研究。 相似文献
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联合国政府气候变化专业委员会（IPCC）第27次全体会议于2007年12目至17目在西班牙巴伦西亚举行,发布了名为《气候变化2007》的第四份全球气候报告的第四部分——《综合报告》。《气候变化2007》披露的事实让人们对全球气候变化的真相有更多的了解。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献