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本文以福建省为例,分析了东南沿海地区工业能源消费碳排放变化的影响因素,结果显示:1工业能源消费碳排放总量变化主要受产出规模的增效应和工业能源强度的减效应影响,且正效应远远高于负效应;2地区产业结构的高级化与能源结构的多元化有利于区域工业节能减排,但其作用相对较小;3碳排放主要受中度技术劳动密集型产业、劳动密集型产业以及中度技术资本密集型产业等经济规模增长拉动而增加,同时,这些产业能源强度下降幅度也相对较大,可见,能源消费总量最大的产业也是节能减排成效和潜力最大的产业;4东南沿海地区工业经济外向型特征显著,受国际市场需求和国家宏观政策调控影响较大。 相似文献
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基于LMDI的南京市工业经济能源消费碳排放实证分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
工业经济的能源消费是碳排放的主要来源,研究城市工业经济能耗碳排放的特征和影响城市工业经济能耗碳排放的因素具有很强的代表性。本文以南京市为例,首先从碳排放总量和碳排放强度等指标分析了2000年-2009年南京市工业经济碳排放现状和特征,然后运用LMDI方法构建了南京市工业经济能耗碳排放因素分解模型,定量分析了2000年-2009年间产业规模、能源强度、能源结构和能源排放强度四个影响因素对南京市工业经济碳排放的影响。研究结果表明,产业规模效益是南京市工业经济碳排放增长的主要促进因素,能源强度效应是南京市工业经济碳排放增长的主要抑制因素,能源结构效应和能源排放强度效应对南京市工业能源结构效应没有明显变化。在此基础上,提出了减排的相关政策建议。 相似文献
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中国平衡碳排放与经济增长关系的关键在工业。本文引入时变参数C-D生产函数修正LMDI分解法和Tapio脱钩模型,实证分析2004—2019年中国工业及其分行业的碳排放驱动因素与脱钩动态。结果发现：①除了能源强度下降持续促进碳减排外,各个年度能源消费碳强度、工业行业结构、技术进步、资本存量和劳动投入的碳排放影响方向和强度均不稳定;样本期间能源强度下降的累积碳减排作用最强、能源消费碳强度的作用次之,资本存量扩张的碳增排作用最强、劳动投入的作用次之。资本存量对工业碳排放的分阶段累积影响具有明显的先促增后促减再促增的“U”型变化趋势,劳动投入的影响变化正好相反。②得益于能源强度、能源消费碳强度和劳动投入碳减排作用增强,碳排放与工业增长正从弱脱钩向强脱钩变化,采矿业和电热燃水业由连接或负脱钩向强脱钩改善,制造业由弱脱钩向强脱钩改进。因此,强化制度设计与政策调控,引导工业投资调整结构,提高能源使用效率,优化能源消费结构并放大技术进步的碳减排作用,有利于在推动工业增长的同时减少碳排放,实现中国经济增长与“双碳”目标协同。 相似文献
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中国工业部门能耗碳排放分解与低碳策略研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
在对我国工业部门能源消费进行分析的基础上,集中研究了影响工业部门能耗碳排放的具体因素,综合考虑能源排放强度、能源结构、能源强度和产出规模等四个要素,运用指标分解分析法中的对数平均权重分解法,建立了工业部门能耗碳排放分解模型,并对1995年-2007年的工业部门能耗碳排放进行实证分析,结果表明工业能源强度显现出了对碳排放明显的负影响,工业经济产出效应明显分为正影响缓慢增长的1995年-2001年和迅速增长的2001年-2007年两个阶段;工业总量增长引起能源消耗上升是导致碳排放总量迅速增长的直接原因,并且该效应已经抵消了能源强度效应对碳减排的贡献。文章最后提出了针对工业部门能源消耗的源头、过程和末端三个环节的低碳对策,特别强调了电力热力行业节能减排,调整发电能源结构对改善我国能源结构,从源头上减排的重要性。 相似文献
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区域层面能源消费碳排放的影响因素解析,是有效实现碳减排的重要研究议题。以经典的IPAT模型为基础,采用扩展的STIRPAT环境压力评价模型,对1990-2014年广东省能源消费碳排放的主要驱动因素进行时间序列分析,并定量研究各个驱动因素对于区域碳排放的作用机理与影响机制,主要研究结论如下：各个影响因素对广东省碳排放增长的作用机理与影响机制各不相同,经济增长、固定资产投资和工业发展是碳排放增长的最主要影响因素,人口规模和城镇化对碳排放增长作用显著,技术进步和能源结构是遏制碳排放增长的最主要贡献因子。 相似文献
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山西省是全国年CO2排放量最多的省份,多角度探究、识别影响其CO2排放变化的主要因素,并针对性进行减排政策设计,是山西省实现绿色低碳发展的关键所在,对全国顺利完成减排目标也具有重要意义。本文在已有山西省碳排放影响因素分解研究基础上,基于山西省1987-2012年六张投入产出表数据,通过构建包含省际贸易因素的IO-SDA模型,对山西省CO2排放总量及CO2完全排放强度的影响因素进行了再分解,从省域整体及分行业角度,分时间段讨论了影响山西省CO2排放增长的各种直接效应与间接效应。研究发现：消费扩张效应、投资扩张效应、省际调出扩张效应等经济规模扩张因素为山西省CO2排放的主要促增因素,省际调出扩张效应影响最大,这证实了省际贸易因素在山西省这类能源输出型省份CO2排放格局中发挥着不容忽视的作用；直接能耗强度效应为关键促降因素；能源结构效应、进口替代效应、省际调入替代效应对CO2排放影响不明显；山西省七大行业中,除农林牧渔业的CO2排放出现下降,重工业、建筑业等六大行业均拉动山西省CO2排放持续增长,不同时间段内山西省各行业主要促增、促降因素及其影响程度存在明显差异；山西省各行业的CO2完全排放强度整体上较高,重工业的CO2完全排放强度最高,能源结构效应、直接能耗强度效应为各行业CO2完全排放强度降低的关键拉动因素,直接能耗强度效应的贡献值最大,投入产出结构效应的影响存在不确定性。本文据此提出了培育新型优势贸易产品,优化调出产品结构和能源结构,平衡消费、投资和贸易调出结构,塑造节能减排新模式等政策建议。 相似文献
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以中国35个工业分行业作为研究对象,运用STIRPAT模型和面板回归模型,分别探讨研发投入对工业不同阶段和不同类别行业的碳排放效应.结果 表明,在各个阶段,研发投入对促进碳减排均具有积极作用,且在2011-2017年间更为显著;对于不同行业,对于重度和中度排放组,研发投入对降低碳排放量均为显著影响,其弹性分别为-0.041和-0.018,而对轻度排放组,增加研发投入时,碳排放呈现增加的趋势.另外,劳动力规模是当前工业碳排放最明显的推动因素,而提升能源效率和改善能源结构对碳排放的增长具有显著抑制作用.在不同类别行业之间,各因素对碳排放的影响效应存在明显差异. 相似文献
8.
中国能源消费碳排放变化的因素分解及实证分析 总被引：76，自引：16，他引：60
本文综合考量经济产出规模、人口规模、产业结构、能源结构及能源效率等因素对碳排放的影响,基于扩展的Kaya恒等式建立因素分解模型,应用LMDI分解方法对能源消费碳排放进行因素分解。应用该模型对中国1980年～2007年的能源消费碳排放进行分解分析,探讨其主要影响因素的作用机理并量化其贡献率。研究结果表明,经济产出效应对我国该阶段能源消费碳排放的贡献率最大,达到152.73%,其他各影响因素按贡献率绝对值大小依次是：能源强度效应为-79.93%,人口规模效应为20.20%,产业结构效应为7.78%,能源结构效应为-0.77%。研究认为,产业结构整体变化对该阶段碳排放增长未能表现出负效应,其主要原因是产业规模占GDP近半的第二产业的碳排放呈现长期增长态势,其贡献率抵消了第一、三产业对碳排放增长的负效应。目前我国节能减排的重点在于调整产业结构、优化能源结构及提高能源效率。针对实证结果,提出了相应的节能减排政策建议。 相似文献
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中国碳排放变化的因素分解与减排途径分析 总被引：30，自引：11，他引：19
作为以煤炭为主导的能源消费大国,中国一次能源消费的碳排放总量不断增长,1953年-2007年的50多年间,碳排放总量增长了40多倍。并且其变化呈现出明显的阶段性:1953年-1980年为低增长阶段,特点是增速较快但波动较大、增幅小;1981年-1996年为稳定增长阶段,特点是增速非常平稳、增幅较大;1997年-2000年为缓慢下降阶段,特点是碳排放量略微有所下降;2001年以来为快速增长阶段,特点是增速快、增幅大。本文以1980年-2007年为样本期,构建因素分解分析模型,计量经济总量增长、产业结构演进和碳排放强度变化所产生的碳减排效应。结果表明:造成碳排放增加的因素是经济总量增长和产业结构变化;而产生碳减排效应的因素惟有碳排放强度降低。可见,在经济总量增长的同时,必然伴随着碳排放总量的增加,未来降低碳排放的主要途径是调整产业结构和降低各产业的碳排放强度,而后者的实现需要借助于能源效率的提高和能源结构的改善。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
19.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献