共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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目的:探究3周海拔1550 m亚高原训练对优秀青年男子越野滑雪运动员生理机能和身体成分的影响,并且提出针对性的备战训练建议。方法:国家越野滑雪集训队10名优秀青年男子越野滑雪运动员[年龄(18.7±1.5)岁,身高(78.5±5.8)cm,体质量(66.6±4.7)kg]在亚高原(海拔1550 m)进行3周训练,并在亚高原训练前后对运动员的生理机能和身体成分进行系列测试。使用重复方差分析对运动员数据进行自身比较。结果:运动员由平原初上亚高原时,乳酸阈测试血乳酸浓度显著提升(P<0.05),最大摄氧量和红细胞浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。经过3周训练后,运动员的乳酸阈测试血乳酸浓度和最大摄氧量显著下降(P<0.05),全身总质量、上肢肌肉质量和下肢脂肪质量显著提升(P<0.05)。结论:由平原初上亚高原时,运动员乳酸阈能力和最大摄氧能力显著降低。3周亚高原训练后,运动员的乳酸阈能力和上肢肌肉水平显著提升,最大摄氧能力下降幅度明显。建议:在进行亚高原训练时,我国优秀青年越野滑雪运动员应当注重对心肺摄氧能力的训练,并且注意提升周平均高强度训练(high intensity training,HIT)训练总时间,以维持和提升最大摄氧能力。 相似文献
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目的:通过观察世居高原中长跑运动员在高原—亚高原交替训练后各项指标及机能的变化情况,探讨不同海拔的交替训练对耐力性运动项目运动员有氧运动能力的影响.方法:甘孜州体校世居高原的中长跑运动队队员共28名,将运动员随机分为两个组:实验组和对照组,每组14人.实验组采用高原—亚高原交替训练方法,在海拔高度变化的条件下进行训练.对照组采用传统的高住高练模式进行训练.训练结束后进行12min跑测试,并记录在规定12min内跑出的距离,然后对运动后即刻的心率、最大摄氧量、血氧饱和度、血乳酸以及血液指标(红细胞RBC、血红蛋白HB)进行检测.结果:(1)高原—亚高原交替训练后,运动员RBC数目增加,HGB显著增加,高原训练4周后相比,RBC增加更加明显,但HGB数量低于亚高原训练后;(2)交替到亚高原训练2周后12min跑成绩提高了12.2%,连续高原训练4周后成绩降低了2.6%,P<0.05;(3)高原—亚高原交替训练后心率变化不明显,但高原训练4周后心率有所增加,运动后即刻血乳酸水平显著降低,且低于连续高原训练4周后血乳酸值,P<0.05.最大摄氧量和氧饱和度显著提高,P<0.01,与高原训练4周后相比,高原—亚高原训练后最大摄氧量和氧饱和度升高更加明显.结论:(1)高原—亚高原交替训练后,运动员专项有氧运动能力得到提高,而连续高原训练后运动员专项运动成绩反而降低,可能是长时间低氧环境下运动突破了机体对低氧的耐受极限所致.(2)高原—亚高原交替训练能够给予机体一定的缺氧刺激,又能避免高原训练中的不利因素,能够保证有一定的训练强度,从而提高中长跑运动员的专项有氧运动能力.建议:高原—亚高原交替训练能够有效提高中长跑运动员的有氧运动能力,平原地区的运动员到高原进行训练时很难在缺氧环境下保持一定的运动强度,可以让运动员先在高原居住一段时间,等到机体出现高原习服时,对低氧有一定的耐受后再进行小负荷训练,然后再到亚高原进行大负荷训练,从而提高高原训练的成功率. 相似文献
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我国优秀女子铁人三项运动员有氧能力的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对我国优秀女子铁人三项运动员有氧能力进行了系统的测试。首次对我国优秀女子铁人三项运动员最大摄氧量以及最大摄氧量平台期进行了研究。结果表明女子铁人三项运动员最大摄氧量平台期平均109s；乳酸阈强度为195w；最大摄氧量经过大周期训练后有大幅度的提高；最大摄氧量平台期与铁人三项比赛成绩相关性较最大摄氧量值更为显著，对于专项有氧运动能力的提高具有积极的促进作用。 相似文献
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2014年5~8月夏训期间,对黑龙江省速滑队中最优秀的16名长距离速滑运动员(男运动员8名,女运动员8名,均为运动健将及国际健将等级)夏训前后实施训练监控,对血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血清睾酮、最大摄氧量、血乳酸、有氧阈和无氧阈等多项监控指标统计分析.研究结果:夏训后,女运动员最大摄氧量提高,具有统计学非常显著性意义(P<0.01);男女运动员800 m跑血乳酸峰值升高都非常显著(P<0.01);男女运动员有氧阈强度和无氧阈强度提高都具有显著性意义(P<0.05).研究结论:1.田径800 m跑可作为速滑长距离运动员无氧代谢供能能力评定手段之一,对比夏训前后运动员800 m跑成绩和血乳酸峰值,认为夏训增强了运动员无氧代谢供能能力.2.有氧阈和无氧阈测试可作为速滑长距离运动员有氧代谢供能能力评定手段之一,分析得出夏训增强了运动员有氧代谢供能能力.旨在探索适合我国优秀速滑长距离运动员的评价指标和方法,为运动训练实践提供理论研究依据. 相似文献
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目的探讨10 d低氧预适应训练结合8周亚高原训练对赛艇运动员有氧运动能力的影响,为新的训练方法在赛艇项目上的应用提供理论与实践依据。方法以16名优秀男子赛艇运动员为研究对象,低氧模拟海拔高度为1 200～1 500 m,采用HiLo训练。高原训练高度为1 500 m。分别于低氧训练前、亚高原训练中、下高原后进行测功仪6 km和6级递增负荷测试,记录测试中的总成绩、血乳酸、心率等指标。训练全程每周进行Hb、RBC等指标测试。结果 (1)红细胞系指标变化:与传统高原训练模式不同,和低氧训练前相比,低氧训练3 d,Hb下降(P<0.05),RBC和Hct保持稳定(P<0.05),三者在高原训练3 d即升高,并保持到高原训练3周(P<0.01),提示,10 d模拟低氧训练加快了运动员对高原阶段训练的适应。之后Hb在高原训练6周和下高原后2、3周出现两次峰值(P<0.01),RBC、Hct一直保持较高状态到下高原后3周(P<0.01),提示机体氧运输能力得到提高。(2)专项运动能力变化:与低氧训练前相比,下高原后测功仪6 km成绩提高2.34%(P<0.01),即刻心率下降2.66%(P<0.05)。6级测试后发现,与低氧训练前相比,高原训练后运动员无氧阈水平下的运动强度增大,乳酸-运动强度曲线发生明显右移。结论(1)10 d低氧预适应干预加快了运动员高原适应;(2)10 d低氧预适应结合8周亚高原训练这一训练模式提高了男子赛艇运动员机体氧运输能力和有氧运动能力。 相似文献
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目的：探讨我国残奥越野滑雪运动员不同运动应激状态下的心肺和代谢反应。方法：以8名残奥越野滑雪运动员为研究对象,站姿运动员进行3min与12min最大运动负荷测试,坐姿运动员进行3次间隔1.5min、3min重复最大运动负荷测试,比较不同类型运动员与在运动后恢复2min、5min和10min时心率(Heart Rate, HR)和血乳酸(Blood Lactic Acid, La)清除率等心肺代谢反应。结果：(1)在越野滑雪站姿测试中,12min测试的最大摄氧量(maximal oxygen consumption, VO2max)、VO2max相对值、HR和通气量(Ventilation Rate, VE)的明显高于3min测试,但两种测试方案之间的氧脉搏(Oxygen pulse, O2pulse)和氧通气当量(ventilatory equivalent for oxygen, VE:VO2)无显著差异(P>0.05),在残奥越野滑雪坐姿运动员测试中,运动员3次试验之间的心肺代谢反应无显著... 相似文献
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目的:探讨我国优秀皮划艇运动员有氧能力的评价方法,为制定针对性的训练计划提供参考。方法:以备战伦敦奥运会国家皮划艇队运动员为研究对象,包括8名男子皮艇、7名女子皮艇和6名划艇运动员。利用皮划艇测功仪采用逐级递增负荷至力竭测最大摄氧量、利用4级1 000 m递增强度划船测试乳酸阈(4 mmol/l对应的船速)。结果:伦敦奥运周期我国优秀男子皮艇、女子皮艇和划艇运动员的绝对最大摄氧量分别为(5.25±0.22)l/min、(3.58±0.22)l/min、(4.85±0.13)l/min;相对最大摄氧量分别为(57.28±3.8 1)ml/(kg·min-1)、(50.92±3.78)ml/(kg·min-1)、(54.72±5.3)1ml/(kg·min-1),,经过3个月训练后男子皮艇和划艇运动员最大摄氧量无明显变化,女子皮艇运动员明显提高;男子皮艇、女子皮艇和划艇运动员乳酸阈船速经过3个月的训练后都明显提高,提高幅度分别为11.92%、3.77%和14.37%。结论:我国伦敦周期优秀皮划艇运动员的最大摄氧量高于国际优秀皮划艇运动员的平均水平,和最大摄氧量比较,乳酸阈表现出更好的训练可塑性,能够更为准确的反映皮划艇运动员有氧能力的动态变化。 相似文献
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探索越野滑雪运动员高原训练期间运动负荷的安排与人体生理、生化指标之间的内在联系和规律,为建立我国越野滑雪运动员高原训练模式提供科学依据。采用生理、生化测试的方法,研究高原训练对提高越野滑雪运动员身体机能的效果和机理;认识越野滑雪运动员高原训练时血红蛋白(HB)、血清肌酸激酶(CK)和血清睾酮(T)等指标的变化特征。研究结果表明,适宜的高原训练负荷水平,能提高越野滑雪运动员的HB、T与降低CK水平,有效促进越野滑雪运动员身体机能能力的提高。 相似文献
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最大摄氧量和无氧阈在运动训练中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
耐力性项目运动员有氧能力的水平,可以采用测定运动员最大摄氧量和无氧阈的方法加以评价。1 最大摄氧量及其应用最大摄氧量(VO2max)是指人体在进行有大量肌肉群参加的有力竭性运动中,当氧运输系统各个环 相似文献
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Seven elite male cross-country skiers trained for 3 weeks at an altitude of 1900 m. Haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), haematocrit (Hct) (obtained from venous blood), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and energy expenditure during a standard submaximal workload were measured before and after training at altitude, and 1 year later while training at sea level (control). Both [Hb] and Hct increased significantly, and the skiers with the lowest initial [Hb] and Hct experienced the largest increases during training at altitude. The increase in blood lactate (BLa) concentration (using haemolysed capillary blood) during a standard submaximal exercise test was significantly lower after training at altitude than before it or 1 year later (control). A significant correlation was found between the magnitude of increase in [Hb] and Hct and the difference in the lactate response to the standard submaximal workload pre- and post-altitude training. Although VO2 max remained unchanged, lower BLa concentration during the submaximal test probably reflects an improved ability to exercise at higher submaximal workloads shortly after training at altitude compared with pre-altitude training. It is suggested that subjects with low initial [Hb] and Hct improve their aerobic performance capacity most during altitude training. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(1):61-67
Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare twitch contractile properties of skeletal muscles in male athletes who train for power and endurance simultaneously (Nordic combined athletes) with athletes who train for endurance (cross-country skiers) and sedentary individuals. Ten Nordic combined athletes, 13 cross-country skiers, and 14 sedentary males aged 20–26 years participated. To determine the contractile properties of the plantarflexor muscles during isometric twitch, the posterior tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa was stimulated by supramaximal square wave pulses of 1 ms duration. Twitch peak force, maximal rates of force development and relaxation, contraction and half-relaxation times were measured. The percentage increase in twitch peak force after a 5-s maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was taken as an indicator of post-activation potentiation. Nordic combined athletes had a significantly greater twitch post-activation potentiation and rate of force development and shorter contraction time than the other two groups (P < 0.05). They also had a greater (P < 0.05) twitch peak force than cross-country skiers. No significant differences in measured twitch contraction characteristics were found in cross-country skiers and sedentary males. We conclude that the twitch contractile properties of the plantarflexor muscles differed markedly in athletes who train for power and endurance simultaneously compared with athletes who predominantly train for endurance. As an indicator of long-term adaptation to simultaneous power and endurance training, increased twitch force-generation and potentiation capacity, and shortening of twitch contraction times in the plantarflexor muscles were observed in Nordic combined athletes. 相似文献
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The effect of training on aerobic power characteristics of young cross-country skiers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H Rusko 《Journal of sports sciences》1987,5(3):273-286
The influences of growth, training and various training methods were investigated by analysing long-term training effects in young cross-country and biathlon skiers (n = 129). Some athletes (n = 49) were studied six times in three years and some at least once a year during a four year period (n = 48). During three summer training periods skiers emphasized either intensive training or distance training or continued to train normally. The results indicated that maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and heart volume increased between 15 and 20 years of age and the most significant changes in heart volume were observed between 16 and 18 years of age. International level skiers were able to increase their VO2 max and heart volume even after 20 years of age. Anaerobic threshold (AT, ml kg-1 min-1) increased like VO2 max but when expressed as a percentage of VO2 max, the AT was similar in every age group over 16 years of age. Intensive training at the intensity of anaerobic threshold or higher was observed to be most effective in producing improvements in VO2 max. Low-intensity distance training was more effective in producing improvements in anaerobic threshold. 相似文献
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该研究旨在观察乳酸阈强度训练提升超重女大学生心肺机能和改善身体成分的效果。方法：通过递增负荷实验测定超重女大学生个体乳酸阈，绘制血乳酸-走跑强度动力曲线，依此确定运动干预强度及设计运动方案；受试者进行12周乳酸阈强度运动训练；测定实验前后身体成分、肺活量、最大摄氧量、超声心动等指标进行与对照组的对比分析。结果显示：超重女大学生个体乳酸阈为3.75±0.91mmol/L，乳酸阈强度为6.91±0.88km/h，乳酸阈强度训练靶心率为137±12.2次/min；实验组训练后，体脂%、腹部脂肪含量等非常显著的下降，最大摄氧量、肺活量、每博输出量、射血分数显著性提升；对照组无明显变化。结论：12周乳酸阈强度运动锻炼可显著改善超重女大学生的心肺机能和身体成分；本研究得出的乳酸阈强度可作为超重女大学生有氧健身的参考强度。 相似文献
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了解我国越野滑雪男运动员的脑a波类型及不同负荷方式对运动员大脑自组织适应(熵值)的影响。方法:选取越野滑雪国家集训队18名男性运动员(一级以上)为被试,采用2(训练前测、训练后测)×4[高强度间歇训练(High-intensity Interval Training,HIT)、中等强度有氧运动(Moderate-intensity Aerobic Exercise,MAE)、低强度有氧运动(Low intensity Aerobic Exercise,LAE)和中等强度力量训练(Moderate-intensity Strength Training,MST)]单组交互设计的准实验研究。所有被试均分别按随机分配顺序执行四种不同强度训练任务,并在每次训练任务前后完成ET测试。结果:①我国越野滑雪运动员脑α波认知型所占的比例为认知型占38.9%,优化型占22.2%,其他类型占比较少;②不同强度训练前后测比较,HIT组和MAE组训练熵值升高差异显著(P<0.01),而LAE组和MST组的前后测熵值无显著差异(P>0.05);③组间差异比较显示HIT组熵值后测值相对于LAE组和MST组熵值后测值显著升高(P<0.01)。结论:①认知及优化型是我国越野滑雪男队员的主要脑功能类型;②1小时HIT、MAE训练导致运动员大脑功能有序化程度降低。 相似文献
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Six Danish male cross-country skiers were studied during the end-of-summer and winter seasons. Their maximal oxygen uptake was measured while running on a treadmill and using a ski ergometer incorporating the double-poling technique. Maximal oxygen uptake during treadmill running and double-poling was correlated with performance, expressed as a ranking score during 10 ski races. The tests were undertaken in September, December and April. Upper body maximal oxygen uptake increased 5.8% from September to December, decreasing to 2.3% above the September level in April. Upper body work output (2 min at maximal intensity) increased 11.8% from September to December (P less than 0.05). The relationship between upper body and leg maximal oxygen uptake--the upper body/leg ratio--was 89.4% in September. In four skiers, both treadmill and upper body tests were undertaken on each test occasion. The upper body/leg ratio changed from 87.7% in September to 95.7% in December. In April, the ratio was 91.0%. The maximal oxygen uptake measured using the ski ergometer during double-poling was significantly correlated with performance (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that the upper body ski ergometer can be used in the evaluation of elite cross-country skiers. 相似文献
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为了了解我国优秀青少年冰球运动员运动能力状况。对24名优秀青少年冰球运动员身体训练期的运动能力进行监控,测定其Yo-Yo间歇恢复测试（YIRT）指标及血乳酸、心率、最大摄氧量等运动能力指标,并探讨运用YIRT监控冰球运动员身体训练的可行性。结果表明：身体训练后青少年冰球运动员YIRT成绩和最大心率具有非常显著性提高（P〈0.01）,YIRT后的血乳酸具有显著性提高（P〈0.05）,最大摄氧量无差异（P〉0.05）。表明青少年运动员的速度和耐力能力有所提高,可以推断青少年冰球运动员身体训练供能是以糖酵解系统为主,有氧氧化系统为辅,磷酸原系统参与部分动作的模式。相关性检验结果显示YIRT与血乳酸具有一定相关性。建议应进行长期、阶段性的连续监控研究。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to determine the alterations in oxygen uptake kinetics following endurance training in previously trained athletes. Sixteen competitive cyclists completed 8 weeks of supervised endurance cycle training. Ventilatory threshold, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), oxygen uptake kinetics and simulated 40-km time-trial tests were performed three times over a 4-week period before training, and then after 4 and 8 weeks of training. The protocol for measuring oxygen uptake kinetics consisted of three square-wave increments from unloaded cycling to a power output of 78 W followed by a single increment from 78 to 156 W. No significant differences in any variables were observed over the pre-training period. The ventilatory threshold and VO2max increased, and the time for 40 km decreased (P < 0.05) with training. Shorter VO2 time constants and lower heart rates were observed during the protocol for measuring oxygen uptake kinetics (same absolute power output) post-training. These results indicate that oxygen uptake kinetics may be improved with endurance training in previously trained athletes. 相似文献